Porcine Macrophage Markers and Populations: An Update

Besides its importance as a livestock species, pig is increasingly being used as an animal model for biomedical research. Macrophages play critical roles in immunity to pathogens, tissue development, homeostasis and tissue repair. These cells are also primary targets for replication of viruses such as African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, which can cause huge economic losses to the pig industry. In this article, we review the current status of knowledge on porcine macrophages, starting by reviewing the markers available for their phenotypical characterization and following with the characteristics of the main macrophage populations described in different organs, as well as the effect of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. We will also review available cell lines suitable for studies on the biology of porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.

Automated summary

Pig is an increasingly important animal model for biomedical research, besides its significance in the livestock industry. Macrophages are crucial in immunity, tissue development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. They are also targeted by viruses causing economic losses in the pig industry. This article reviews the current understanding of porcine macrophages, including marker characterization, macrophage populations in different organs, and the impact of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. The article also examines cell lines suitable for studying porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.