4.6 Review

Advances in the Early Detection of Hepatobiliary Cancers

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Prospective surveillance for cholangiocarcinoma in unselected individuals with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Christina Villard et al.

Summary: This study prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of yearly MRI/MRCP surveillance in detecting cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and found it to be ineffective in detecting cancer early enough to support long-term survival. Personalized follow-up strategies and improved diagnostic methods for PSC-related CCA are needed.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2023)

Article Pathology

Circulating microRNAs in gallbladder cancer: Is serum assay of diagnostic value?

Pallavi Srivastava et al.

Summary: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) could be used as biomarkers for cancer detection. This study aimed to identify specific miRNA expression in serum as a biomarker for early detection of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and evaluate their diagnostic potential. The results showed differential expression of miRNAs in GBC and their potential as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2023)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

AASLD practice guidance on primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma

Christopher L. Bowlus et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2023)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Blood-based biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma screening: Approaching the end of the ultrasound era?

Neehar D. Parikh et al.

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths globally due to inadequate early detection strategies. Current screening recommendations have several deficiencies, including suboptimal sensitivity and poor adherence. Blood-based biomarkers show promise but require validation and logistical solutions before clinical implementation. Maturing validation cohorts, such as the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Early Detection Study and the Texas Hepatocellular Carcinoma Consortium, are expected to provide robust validation for candidate biomarkers.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2023)

Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for the evaluation of malignant focal liver lesions

Maria Cristina Chammas et al.

Summary: This review addresses the analysis of different types of malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). The specific enhancing patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and metastases are discussed and exemplified with images. The use of CEUS in malignant portal vein thrombosis is also discussed, along with the advantages and limitations of CEUS for the analysis of malignant FLLs.

ULTRASONOGRAPHY (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cell-free DNA methylation markers for differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Biyuan Luo et al.

Summary: This study developed a sensitive blood-based non-invasive screening model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that can effectively distinguish early-stage HCC patients from high-risk population, and it demonstrated superior performance in an independent validation cohort.

BMC MEDICINE (2022)

Article Oncology

Global, regional and national burden of primary liver cancer by subtype

Harriet Rumgay et al.

Summary: This study provides worldwide, regional, and national estimates of the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The results show that HCC contributes the largest burden of liver cancer globally, with the highest rates in Eastern Asia, Northern Africa, and Southeastern Asia. iCCA rates are highest in Southeastern Asia, Eastern Asia, Northern Europe, the Caribbean and Central America, and Oceania.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER (2022)

Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Doylestown Plus and GALAD Demonstrate High Sensitivity for HCC Detection in Patients With Cirrhosis

Amit G. Singal et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

Review Virology

Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Giacomo Emanuele Maria Rizzo et al.

Summary: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with or without liver cirrhosis, through various mechanisms. The molecular profile of HBV-HCC is constantly being studied, and it is the result of altered molecular pathways, changes in the microenvironment, and DNA damage. Proper management of HBV-related liver disease is crucial for prevention and treatment of HCC.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

Review Oncology

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Due to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Concepts and Future Challenges

Muhammad Imran Ahmad et al.

Summary: Obesity is labeled as the global pandemic, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease (CLD). The burden of NAFLD is predicted to increase, resulting in increased rates of decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related deaths. This review discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, complications, and mortality of NAFLD and NASH, and addresses the risk factors and screening issues of HCC in the NAFLD population.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (2022)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on sclerosing cholangitis

European Assoc Study Liver

Summary: This article presents guidelines for the management of primary or secondary sclerosing cholangitis, covering topics such as diagnostic methods, prognostic assessment, early detection of complications, optimal care pathways, and therapeutic options for both adults and children.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Gallbladder cancer

Juan C. Roa et al.

Summary: Gallbladder cancer is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and often has a poor prognosis. Early detection is challenging and chronic inflammation plays a significant role in the development of this cancer. Surgical resection is the main curative treatment option, but it is only suitable for a small number of cases.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2022)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

From NAFLD to MAFLD: Implications of a Premature Change in Terminology

Zobair M. Younossi et al.

Summary: The article discusses the proposal to rename NAFLD to MAFLD, highlighting the shortcomings of the new term and warning that changing the name without a comprehensive understanding may have negative implications for the field. The recommendation is to establish a true international consensus group to assess the impact and consequences of the terminology change and make recommendations based on available evidence to move the field forward.

HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Early Cholangiocarcinoma Detection With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Ultrasound in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

John E. Eaton et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performances and prognostic implications of ultrasound and MRI-based perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) detection among patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Results showed that MRI was superior to ultrasound for the detection of early-stage CCA in PSC patients, and identifying CCA before symptom onset with MRI was associated with improved outcomes.

HEPATOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

Cancer Statistics, 2021

Rebecca L. Siegel et al.

Summary: Every year, the American Cancer Society projects the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States, with the latest data showing a significant decline in lung cancer mortality, while prostate cancer mortality has plateaued and breast and colorectal cancer mortality have slowed. Improvements in treatment have accelerated progress against lung cancer, leading to a record drop in overall cancer mortality.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Josep M. Llovet et al.

Summary: Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), poses a significant global health challenge with rising incidence projected to exceed 1 million cases by 2025. Infection by hepatitis B and C viruses remains a major risk factor for HCC, while non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is emerging as a more common risk factor in Western countries. Advances in systemic therapies for HCC, including immunotherapies and targeted therapies, are expected to revolutionize the management of this disease.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

AFP-L3 for the diagnosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma A meta-analysis

Jian-Ming Zhou et al.

Summary: AFP-L3% has high specificity but low sensitivity for diagnosing early HCC, making it more suitable for excluding HCC in cases with elevated AFP levels. A hypersensitive detection method can improve the diagnostic accuracy of AFP-L3% for early HCC.

MEDICINE (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma at the community level: Easier said than done

Paolo Del Poggio et al.

Summary: Regular ultrasound surveillance for HCC in high-risk patients is recommended, but the key lies in identifying the population and implementing the surveillance programs effectively. A new approach involving primary care physicians in identifying cirrhotic patients and referring them to hepatologists for surveillance is proposed to improve surveillance effectiveness and reduce HCC mortality.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Ultrasound or Sectional Imaging Techniques as Screening Tools for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Fall Forward or Move Forward?

Zeno Sparchez et al.

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a prime screening target with biannual ultrasound surveillance being the current global standard of care, but cases still slip through this safety net. Addressing its drawbacks, improving techniques, and enhancing accuracy are crucial challenges that need to be overcome.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

Review Oncology

MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review

Asahiro Morishita et al.

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer, with a poor prognosis in late stages. Understanding the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in HCC pathogenesis may lead to improved outcomes. MiRNAs have potential as valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC diagnosis and treatment.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Exosomal microRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Andrei Sorop et al.

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer globally and is often detected late due to its high clinical and biological heterogeneity. Small nanoparticles with an endosomal origin are valuable biomarkers or carriers for novel treatments in HCC.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cholangiocarcinoma

Paul J. Brindley et al.

Summary: Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system that can be associated with liver fluke infection but often has no identifiable cause. This Primer reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis and management of cholangiocarcinoma, and highlights the patient experience and future directions.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2021)

Review Oncology

Potential utility of liquid biopsies in the management of patients with biliary tract cancers: A review

Rohan Shotton et al.

Summary: Biliary tract cancer is a rare entity outside high-endemic areas, with most patients presenting at a late stage and having poor prognosis. Liquid biopsies offer a safe and convenient alternative for histological diagnosis, and have potential as diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Surgery

Limits of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer

Jae Seung Kang et al.

Summary: The study found that serum CEA and CA 19-9 have low sensitivity in diagnosing gallbladder cancer and are not suitable for screening patients. The sensitivity of these biomarkers in distinguishing early-stage and advanced tumors is also not high enough.

ANNALS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT AND RESEARCH (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Oliver Clements et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Epidemiology and surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma: New trends

Amit G. Singal et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2020)

Article Oncology

Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Neehar D. Parikh et al.

CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Outcomes of Gallbladder Polyps and Their Association With Gallbladder Cancer in a 20-Year Cohort

Jean-Luc Szpakowski et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Advances in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Weiyi Wang et al.

GENES & DISEASES (2020)

Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

CEUS LI-RADS: a pictorial review

Tommaso Vincenzo Bartolotta et al.

INSIGHTS INTO IMAGING (2020)

Review Oncology

Circulating Tumor DNA in Biliary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Alessandro Rizzo et al.

CANCER GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS (2020)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Cholangiocarcinoma: Epidemiology and risk factors

Shahid A. Khan et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Detection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in asymptomatic HBsAg-seropositive individuals by liquid biopsy

Chunfeng Qu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Premalignant lesions of cholangiocarcinoma: characteristics on ultrasonography and MRI

Surachate Siripongsakun et al.

ABDOMINAL RADIOLOGY (2019)

Review Oncology

Screening high risk populations for cancer: Hepatobiliary

Amanda Bailey et al.

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis of Cholesterol Gallstones

Agostino Di Ciaula et al.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2019)

Review Oncology

Cholangiocarcinoma - evolving concepts and therapeutic strategies

Sumera Rizvi et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2018)

Article Oncology

Liquid biopsy of bile for the molecular diagnosis of gallbladder cancer

Hideaki Kinugasa et al.

CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY (2018)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Surveillance for hepatobiliary cancers in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Ahmad Hassan Ali et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2018)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance

Norah A. Terrault et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2018)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine

Naoto Fujiwara et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2018)

Article Oncology

Quantification of Circulating Free DNA as a Diagnostic Marker in Gall Bladder Cancer

Swati Kumari et al.

PATHOLOGY & ONCOLOGY RESEARCH (2017)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Association of Aflatoxin and Gallbladder Cancer

Jill Koshiol et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comparison of genome-scale DNA methylation profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma by viral status

Min-Ae Song et al.

EPIGENETICS (2016)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Clonorchiasis

Men-Bao Qian et al.

LANCET (2016)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Accuracy of microRNAs for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Song He et al.

CLINICS AND RESEARCH IN HEPATOLOGY AND GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

Article Oncology

Non-typhoidal Salmonella DNA traces in gallbladder cancer

Prajish Iyer et al.

INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND CANCER (2016)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Josep M. Llovet et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2016)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

ACG Clinical Guideline: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Keith D. Lindor et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2015)

Article Oncology

Cohort profile: cholangiocarcinoma screening and care program (CASCAP)

Narong Khuntikeo et al.

BMC CANCER (2015)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis as a Premalignant Biliary Tract Disease: Surveillance and Management

Sumera Rizvi et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2015)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Global Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma An Emphasis on Demographic and Regional Variability

Katherine A. McGlynn et al.

CLINICS IN LIVER DISEASE (2015)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Nobuhiro Tsuchiya et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2015)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis Virus Infection Affects DNA Methylation in Mice With Humanized Livers

Yasuyuki Okamoto et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Body mass index and biliary tract disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Myungsook Park et al.

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE (2014)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Combined detection tumor markers for diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer

Yun-Feng Wang et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2014)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Porcelain Gallbladder: A Benign Process or Concern for Malignancy?

Thomas Schnelldorfer

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY (2013)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Many Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Increased Serum Levels of Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Do Not Have Cholangiocarcinoma

Emmanouil Sinakos et al.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2011)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Risk Factors for Cholangiocarcinoma

Gia L. Tyson et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2011)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Diagnosis and Management of Gallbladder Polyps

William C. Gallahan et al.

GASTROENTEROLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2010)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Alcoholic Liver Disease

Robert S. O'Shea et al.

HEPATOLOGY (2010)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gallbladder disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Karouk Said et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2008)

Article Oncology

Gallstones and the risk of biliary tract cancer: a population-based study in China

A. W. Hsing et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2007)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Diagnostic benefit of biliary brush cytology in cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis

Kirsten Muri Boberg et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2006)

Review Oncology

Gallbladder cancer worldwide: Geographical distribution and risk factors

G Randi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2006)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

GP73, a resident Golgi glycoprotein, is a novel serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma

JA Marrero et al.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2005)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The value of serum CA 19-9 in predicting cholangiocarcinomas in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

C Levy et al.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2005)

Review Surgery

Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder

KF Lee et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2004)

Article Oncology

Randomized controlled trial of screening for hepatocellular carcinoma

BH Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2004)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Glypican-3, overexpressed specifically in human hepatocellular carcinoma, is a novel tumor marker

T Nakatsura et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2003)

Review Oncology

Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer

EC Lazcano-Ponce et al.

CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS (2001)

Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Gallbladder carcinoma: Radiologic-pathologic correlation

AD Levy et al.

RADIOGRAPHICS (2001)

Article Oncology

Structures of disease-specific serum alpha-fetoprotein isoforms

PJ Johnson et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2000)

Article Surgery

Surgical management of polypoid lesions of the gallbladder

KS Mainprize et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (2000)