Induction Chemotherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Simple Summary Sinonasal malignancies are aggressive tumors that can be exceptionally difficult to treat. Surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy is considered first line therapy for both sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC); however, the surgery for these lesions can cause significant morbidity and disfigurement. Induction chemotherapy has become a key part of multimodal therapy for patients with locoregionally advanced SNSCC and SNUC. In this review, we examine the literature surrounding induction chemotherapy, including its role in organ preservation and survival. Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) are two of the most common, high-grade malignancies of the sinonasal cavity. The standard of care for resectable lesions per the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines includes surgical resection with negative margins plus adjuvant radiation therapy. However, surgery for locally advanced disease with both orbital and intracranial involvement is associated with significant morbidity and poor overall survival. Over the last decade, induction chemotherapy (IC) has emerged as part of a multimodal treatment strategy to optimize locoregional disease control and minimize substantial surgical morbidity such as orbital exenteration without compromising rates of overall survival. The response to IC both guides additional therapy and helps prognosticate a patient's disease. This narrative review examines the data surrounding the management of patients with SNSCC and SNUC. The pros and cons of upfront surgical management plus adjuvant therapy will be explored, and the case for IC will be presented. The IC-specific regimens and treatment paradigms for SNSCC and SNUC will each be explored in detail. Organ preservation, treatment morbidity, and survival data will be presented, and evidence-based recommendations will be presented for the management of these patients.

Automated summary

Sinonasal malignancies are difficult to treat and usually require surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy. However, surgery for advanced disease can cause significant morbidity. Induction chemotherapy has become an important part of treatment in improving disease control and preserving organ function.