☆ 4.6 Review

New Progress in the Application of Flame-Retardant Modified Epoxy Resins and Fire-Retardant Coatings

COATINGS (2023)

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Article Polymer Science

Synergistic action of expandable graphite on fire safety of a self-intumescent flame retardant epoxy resin

Cheng-Shou Zhao et al.

Summary: By incorporating expandable graphite as an effective synergist, the flame retardant efficiency of self-intumescent epoxy resin system was significantly improved. The addition of expandable graphite increased the LOI value and enabled the system to pass UL-94 test, while reducing fire hazard parameters. This finding is important for enhancing fire safety.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2023)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Chemical structure construction of DOPO-containing compounds for flame retardancy of epoxy resin: A review

Yunxian Yang et al.

Summary: This article reviews the research progress of epoxy resin derivatives synthesized from DOPO structure with different substituents at the phosphorus atom in the last decade. The relationship between chemical structure and properties, as well as the effect of these compounds on the properties of epoxy resin, including flame retardance, heat resistance, and mechanical properties, are discussed. However, there are still some issues that need to be improved, such as flame retardant migration, deterioration of mechanical properties, processibility, and economic competitiveness.

PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Preparation and properties of epoxy resin modified with phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardants

Chenghui Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, the synthesis of a new phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant (DIT) and flame-retardant epoxy resin (DIT-EP) was investigated. The DIT-EPs showed a limiting oxygen index of 29.0% when the flame retardant content reached 25%, expanding the application range of epoxy resins.

MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

New Transparent Flame-Retardant (FR) Coatings Based on Epoxy-Aluminum Hypophosphite Nanocomposites

Fouad Laoutid et al.

Summary: This study investigated the flame-retardant effect of transparent epoxy coating with aluminum hypophosphite nanoparticles on polylactic acid sheets. The addition of these nanoparticles into the epoxy resin accelerated the degradation of the coating, resulting in increased char residue. The presence of the nanoparticles reduced the peak heat release rate significantly, leading to the formation of a homogeneous char layer with a 15 wt.% nanoparticle content. However, further increase in content did not enhance the flame-retardant properties due to the formation of structural cracks in the coating.

COATINGS (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Constructing a robust ZIF-7 based superhydrophobic coating with the excellent performance in self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-biofouling and anti-corrosion

Guangyu Zhu et al.

Summary: In this study, zinc gluconate was used as the zinc source to synthesize ZIF-7@ZnG nanoparticles, which were then modified to obtain ZIF-7@ZnG@PFDS superhydrophobic nanoparticles. To improve the durability and wear resistance, epoxy resin was introduced as a connection layer to fabricate ZIF-7@ZnG@PFDS/EP superhydrophobic coating. The fabricated coating demonstrated superior hydrophobicity and excellent performance in self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-biofouling, and anti-corrosion.

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Polymer Science

Curing behavior, mechanical, and flame-retardant properties of epoxy-based composites filled by expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate

Zhi-Gang Yuan et al.

Summary: In this study, the curing behavior, thermal stability, mechanical properties and flammability of E-D/A-E composites with different contents of flame retardants were investigated. The results showed that the thermal and flammability properties of the composites were improved by adding flame retardants.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Use of a combination of phosphorous-containing epoxy resin and silica fillers for development of flame retardant thermoset polymer composites

Vibha Shree et al.

Summary: This paper reports on the preparation method of ambient temperature curable phosphorous-containing epoxy resin-based composites and their flame retardant behavior. The addition of phosphorous-containing silica improves the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and flame retardancy of the composites. The study shows that the combination of phosphorous-containing resin and phosphorous-containing silica has a positive effect on enhancing the material performance.

JOURNAL OF VINYL & ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pyrolysis Kinetics of Lignin-Based Flame Retardants Containing MOFs Structure for Epoxy Resins

Tianyu Yao et al.

MOLECULES (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis of an efficient phosphorus and triazine ring-containing reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin

Fan Yang et al.

Summary: This study successfully synthesized a high-efficiency flame retardant HOMP with heterocyclic groups by removing the obstacle of insoluble triazines, and fully characterized its structure, thermal and flame retardant properties. The mechanism and effects on mechanical properties were also investigated. The results showed that HOMP effectively extinguished the combustion of specimens, achieving an LOI value of 29.2% and V0 level in the UL-94 test with only 0.6wt% phosphorus content. However, the addition of HOMP increased the compressibility while significantly decreasing the tensile strength.

MULTIDISCIPLINE MODELING IN MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

Effect of Phosphorus and Chlorine Containing Plasticizers on the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites

Amirbek Bekeshev et al.

Summary: The study examines the potential use of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, and tris(4-methylphenyl) phosphate as plasticizers for epoxy polymers. The research determines the optimal plasticizer content (40 parts by mass) that has the greatest impact on the strength and fire safety properties of epoxy composites. The modification of the epoxy polymer with the presented plasticizers enhances fire safety parameters, reducing mass loss on ignition and increasing the limiting oxygen index (LOI) values, resulting in good fire protective properties.

JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE (2023)

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Proceedings Paper Polymer Science

Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites: An Overview

Sandeep Kumar et al.

Summary: The use of polymer as substitutes for traditional materials has led to the need for the development of flame retardant polymer nanocomposites. This review article provides an overview of the advances in preparation, mechanism, and properties of flame retardant polymer nanocomposites. The evolved properties and applications of these nanocomposites, such as coatings and films, are discussed.

MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Aromatic P/N/Co-containing microsphere flame retardant for enhancing fire safety and mechanical properties of epoxy coating with lower curing temperature

Mingyu Ou et al.

Summary: A novel aromatic phosphorus/nitrogen/cobalt-containing microsphere flame retardant (FNP-Co) was synthesized and used to fabricate high-performance epoxy resin (EP) coatings. EP coatings containing FNP-Co exhibited remarkable fire safety performance, enhanced mechanical properties, and lower curing temperature. The FNP-Co promoted the formation of a honeycomb-like and compact char layer during combustion, providing a labyrinth effect and barrier effect to inhibit heat and pyrolysis gas transfer.

PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS (2023)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Flame-Retardant System for Epoxy Resin: A Review and Prospect

Kunpeng Song et al.

Summary: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have enormous potential in various applications due to their unique properties. This review focuses on the advances of MOFs in flame retardant epoxy composites, analyzing their modification strategies, flame retardant efficiency, and potential high-end applications. The review also summarizes the opportunities and challenges for the future development of MOFs-based flame retardants.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

PTFE/EP Reinforced MOF/SiO2 Composite as a Superior Mechanically Robust Superhydrophobic Agent towards Corrosion Protection, Self-Cleaning and Anti-Icing

Muhammad Muzammal Hussain et al.

Summary: The research successfully fabricated an organic resin cross-linking superhydrophobic multilayer coating on a metal substrate, achieving superhydrophobicity through structuring surfaces at two different length scales. The as-fabricated coating displayed superior water-repellence, chemical robustness, and mechanical durability, making it suitable for applications such as anti-corrosion, self-cleaning, and anti-icing functionalities.

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Zn-Al layered double metal hydroxide anchored reduced graphene oxide for enhancing the fire performance of composite coatings

Shaotang Dong et al.

Summary: Layered double hydroxides serve as an effective inorganic nano-fire retardant that can enhance the fire resistance of composite coatings. Among them, the Zn-Al/LDH@RGO-based fireproof coatings exhibit superior fire performance, showing the lowest backside temperature and highest fire retardant performance.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes bonded graphene oxide to enhance the flame retardant performance of waterborne intumescent epoxy coatings

Chunlin Chen et al.

Summary: The study investigates the synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) on flame retardant properties in waterborne intumescent epoxy coatings. By wrapping bio-inspired polydopamine (PDA) on CNTs and grafting 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) on CNTs/PDA surface, and then combining GO with modified CNTs to obtain GO@M-CNTs hybrids, the composite coating with GO@M-CNTs hybrids exhibited better fire retardant performance compared to CNTs or GO nanosheets alone.

PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Recent progress on the metal-organic frameworks decorated graphene oxide (MOFs-GO) nano-building application for epoxy coating mechanical-thermal/flame-retardant and anti-corrosion features improvement

Zahra Haeri et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that the introduction of GO and MOF nanofillers into epoxy resin significantly improves its mechanical, thermal, anti-corrosion, and flame-retardant properties. Modifications of GO via MOFs can help avoid negative effects and enhance positive effects of the nanofillers. Introduction of GO-MOF nanohybrids can greatly improve the flame-retardant properties of epoxy resin, as well as enhance its anti-corrosion stability and adhesion strength.

PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Engineering two nitrogen-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (N-POSSs) to enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin endowed with superior thermal stability

Xinming Ye et al.

Summary: In this study, two nitrogen-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (N-POSSs) were synthesized and incorporated into epoxy resin to improve its fire safety properties. Thermal analysis showed that the addition of N-POSS nanoparticles significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the EP composites. Furthermore, the introduction of AP-POSS led to reductions in heat release rate, fire growth index, smoke production rate, and CO production rate. The flame retardancy and smoke suppression mechanism were investigated using TG-FTIR and XPS.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2022)

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Review Polymer Science

A comprehensive review of reactive flame-retardant epoxy resin: fundamentals, recent developments, and perspectives

Maoyong Zhi et al.

Summary: This review provides a brief analysis of the combustion process, flame-retardant mechanism, and classification of flame-retardant epoxy resins. It introduces important characterization methods and summarizes the latest research progress in reactive flame-retardant epoxy resins. The future perspectives of reactive flame-retardant epoxy resins are also discussed.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Biodegradable epoxy resin from vanillin with excellent flame-retardant and outstanding mechanical properties

Jinpeng Ma et al.

Summary: In this study, a sustainable and biodegradable flame retardant epoxy resin was developed to replace resource-limited petrochemicals. The epoxy resin exhibited excellent mechanical properties and flame retardancy compared to bisphenol A type epoxy resin. The study also investigated the mechanisms for the enhancement of flame retardancy and the complete degradation of the sustainable epoxy crosslinking.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Characterization & Testing

A multi-element flame retardant on the basis of silicon-phosphorus-nitrogen for combustibility suppressing of epoxy

Cheng Liu et al.

Summary: A novel reactive multi-element flame retardant, PmDOH, was designed and synthesized to improve the flame retardant performance of epoxy resins. The PmDOH modified epoxy resin showed a more compact and continuous char layer during combustion.

POLYMER TESTING (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Improvement the Flame Retardancy and Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes

Xuejun Shi et al.

Summary: Surface chemical modification of carbon nanotubes can enhance their compatibility with polymers and improve flame retardancy performances. In this study, a multi-step modification method was used to introduce double bond active sites, glycidyl methacrylate, and flame retardant melamine polyphosphate onto the surface of carbon nanotubes. The addition of flame retardant-modified carbon nanotubes into an epoxy matrix resulted in the preparation of flame retardant and thermal conductive composites with improved flame retardancy and thermal conductivity properties.

POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-assembly of zinc hydroxystannate on polyethyleneimine supported boron nitride to improve the flame protection properties of waterborne epoxy coatings

Fei Zhong et al.

Summary: In this study, a novel BP@ZHS nanoadditive was prepared by loading polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the surface of BN nanosheets to impart positive charge and adsorbing negatively charged zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) nanoparticles through electrostatic self-assembly. The BP@ZHS hybrid showed excellent flame retardant properties in epoxy coatings, with low backside temperature, high expansion characteristics, and low smoke density rating.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Synergistic flame retardant effect of aluminum hydroxide and ammonium polyphosphate on epoxy resin

Yanlin Liu et al.

Summary: By adding APP and ATH to epoxy resin, a synergistic flame retardant effect can be achieved, resulting in a significant reduction in heat release rate and total heat release, and the formation of a stable flame retardant barrier.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Thermodynamics

Polyphosphazene-wrapped Fe-MOF for improving flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins

Lei Sang et al.

Summary: The utilization of PZS-Fe-MOF composites significantly enhances the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin. Compared to pure EP, the addition of PZS-Fe-MOF results in increased LOI value and passing of V-1 rating. Additionally, the composite materials exhibit significant reductions in peak heat release rate, smoke production rate, and other related parameters.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Flame-retardant behaviors of aluminum phosphates coated sepiolite in epoxy resin

Wei Yan et al.

Summary: The study showed that the aluminum phosphates-coated sepiolite significantly enhanced the flame-retardant properties and thermal stability of epoxy resin, with the introduction of sepiolite nanocomposite improving the limited oxygen index of the material.

JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Novel Polysilicone Flame-Retardant Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization and Flame Retardancy as Used in Epoxy-Based Composites

Jiangbo Wang

Summary: Carbon nanotubes were functionalized with polysilicone to obtain flame-retardant CNTs, which were then incorporated into epoxy resin nanocomposites. The thermal stability, dispersion state, and flame retardancy of the CNTs-PMDA nanocomposites were evaluated, showing improved thermal stability and flame retardancy compared to CNTs alone.

JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART B-PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis of a hyperbranched polyamide oligomer containingDOPOfor simultaneously enhancing the flame retardance and glass transition temperature of epoxy resin

Qinqin Luo et al.

Summary: A hyperbranched polyamide oligomer containing DOPO (HPD) was synthesized and used as an additive flame retardant in epoxy resin to enhance its flame retardance and T(g). The results showed that HPD improved the flame retardance and thermal properties of epoxy resin by delaying ignition time and reducing combustion parameters in both gas-phase and condensed-phase.

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Mussel inspired polydopamine@KH560-linked hexagonal boron nitride and CNTs nanoflame retardants improve fire performance of composite coatings

Zhengwei Yang et al.

Summary: In this study, a hybrid material of layered hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets linked with acidified carbon nanotubes was successfully prepared to enhance the flame retardancy of waterborne epoxy intumescent fire retardant coatings. The incorporation of this hybrid material significantly improved the thermal stability and residue char of the coatings, leading to enhanced fire resistance.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Recent advances in the flame retardancy role of graphene and its derivatives in epoxy resin materials

Quanyi Liu et al.

Summary: Graphene and its derivatives can endow epoxy resin with good flame retardancy properties through the barrier effect of tortuous path, providing a solution to the flammability issue of epoxy resin.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Effect of expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on the thermal degradation and weathering of intumescent fire-retardant coating

Sami Ullah et al.

Summary: The research demonstrates the significant effects of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on intumescent coating, particularly in terms of residual mass and chemical composition. The residual char after fire test shows good stability and adhesion. Weathering test reveals that the expansion of coating residue is affected by humid environment and UV light.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Polymer Science

Phosphorus-containing flame retardant epoxy thermosets: Recent advances and future perspectives

Siqi Huo et al.

Summary: Phosphorus (P)-containing flame retardants have been widely used in epoxy thermosets due to their high flame retardancy efficiency, low toxicity, and impact on material properties. They are classified into reactive and additive types, and have potential for future research and development.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Polymer Science

Dendrimeric Epoxy Resins Based on Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene as a Reactive Flame Retardant Polymeric Materials: A Review

O. Dagdag et al.

Summary: This review article surveys recent developments on HCCP-based epoxy resins as reactive flame retardants, highlighting the need for additional additives to improve their thermal and fire retardant properties. The article also discusses surface modification, functionalization, and characterization of various HCCP-based epoxy resins for thermal and flame retardant applications.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Flame Retardancy and Dispersion of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes in Thiol-Ene Nanocomposites

Jiangbo Wang

Summary: By grafting a polysilicone flame retardant onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, the flame retardancy and heat release rate of thiol-ene nanocomposites were improved. The dispersion of CNTs in thiol-ene was enhanced and the interfacial interaction between CNTs-PA and thiol-ene matrix was strengthened.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Thermal Degradation Behavior of Epoxy Resin Containing Modified Carbon Nanotubes

Xiaohui Bao et al.

Summary: The research showed that the flame retardant CNTs-PMDA significantly improves the flame retardancy of epoxy resin and forms a residue char layer during thermal degradation. Additionally, the functionalization of CNTs with PMDA enhances the dispersion of CNTs in the epoxy resin matrix.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

An overview of alginates as flame-retardant materials: Pyrolysis behaviors, flame retardancy, and applications

Ying-Jun Xu et al.

Summary: Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides that have inherent flame retardancy, making them ideal for eco-friendly flame-retardant materials. The influence of metal ions on the flame retardancy and pyrolysis behaviors of alginates has been studied systematically. Alginates have great potential in applications such as preparing flame-retardant fibers, fabrics, and aerogel composites.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

A bi-DOPO type of flame retardancy epoxy prepolymer: Synthesis, properties and flame-retardant mechanism

Dongyue Liu et al.

Summary: A bi-DOPO type prepolymer was successfully synthesized for flame retardancy epoxy resins, showing excellent flame retardancy with high limiting oxygen index and V-0 rating in UL-94, as well as remarkable smoke suppression and flame inhibition. The phosphaphenanthrene groups in the prepolymer contributed to the improvement of flame retardant performance, while the rigid structure of DOBP molecules increased the tensile modulus of the cured epoxy resins.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nanocarbon-Based Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites

Yuan Yang et al.

Summary: This article introduces the application of nanocarbon materials in flame retardant polymer composites and their flame retardant mechanism, summarizes the flame retardant properties of carbon nanomaterials and their important role in mechanical reinforcement, and briefly discusses the opportunities and challenges for the future development of carbon nanomaterials in flame-retardant polymeric materials.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis of a Reactive Template-Induced Core-Shell PZS@ZIF-67 Composite Microspheres and Its Application in Epoxy Composites

Kunpeng Song et al.

Summary: The research focuses on enhancing the fire resistance of epoxy resin composites by developing the PZS@ZIF-67 composite, which reduces toxic gas and smoke emissions during thermal decomposition while maintaining mechanical properties.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Effect of reduction methods and functionalization on the dispersion of graphene in epoxy

Jing Ma et al.

JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Thermodynamics

Thermal properties and flame retardancy of an intumescent flame-retarded epoxy system containing phosphaphenanthrene, triazine-trione and piperidine

Siqi Huo et al.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Rational design of metallic anti-corrosion coatings based on zinc gluconate@ZIF-8

Baohui Ren et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

One-pot scalable fabrication of an oligomeric phosphoramide towards high-performance flame retardant polylactic acid with a submicron-grained structure

Yijiao Xue et al.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

POSS-functionalized graphene oxide hybrids with improved dispersive and smoke-suppressive properties for epoxy flame-retardant application

Lijie Qu et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2020)

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Article

Flame and fire retardancy of polymer-based composites

Radhashyam Giri et al.

MATERIALS RESEARCH INNOVATIONS (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Polymer/Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Dimitrios Giliopoulos et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

Two-step fabrication of lignin-based flame retardant for enhancing the thermal and fire retardancy properties of epoxy resin composites

Shuai Zhou et al.

POLYMER COMPOSITES (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Nitrogen/sulfur-containing DOPO based oligomer for highly efficient flame-retardant epoxy resin

Peng Wang et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Civil

Thermal properties and fire behavior of polyethylene with a mixture of copper phosphate and melamine phosphate as a novel flame retardant

K. Salasinska et al.

FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Construction of layer-by-layer assembled green coating on titanate nanotubes to improve the flame retardancy of epoxy resin

Haifeng Pan et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Sustainable cardanol-based multifunctional carboxyl curing agents for epoxy coatings: Si-S synergism

Kunal Wazarkar et al.

JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH (2020)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Flame retardant polymeric nanocomposites through the combination of nanomaterials and conventional flame retardants

Wentao He et al.

PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

Preparation and Characterization of DOPO-Functionalized MWCNT and Its High Flame-Retardant Performance in Epoxy Nanocomposites

Liqiang Gu et al.

POLYMERS (2020)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Flame Resistant Silicone-Containing Coating Materials

MariaA Zielecka et al.

COATINGS (2020)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Mechanically strong and flame-retardant epoxy resins with anti-corrosion performance

Yuan-Fang Ai et al.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Effect of MF-Coated Epoxy Resin Microcapsules on Properties of Waterborne Wood Coating on Basswood

Xiaoxing Yan et al.

COATINGS (2020)

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Review Engineering, Multidisciplinary

The rise of MOFs and their derivatives for flame retardant polymeric materials: A critical review

Ye-Tang Pan et al.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Polymer Science

A DOPO-based phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant bio-based epoxy resin from diphenolic acid: Synthesis, flame-retardant behavior and mechanism

Zhiyuan Chi et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)/Epoxy Coatings: A Review

Farzad Seidi et al.

MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Flame retardancy and pyrolysis behavior of an epoxy resin composite flame-retarded by diphenylphosphinyl-POSS

Congcong Zhai et al.

POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Influence of Magnesium Aluminate Nanoparticles on Epoxy-Based Intumescent Flame Retardation Coating System

Hatem Abuhimd et al.

COATINGS (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Flame Retardancy of Polyethylene Composites: From Fundamental Concepts to Nanocomposites

Erfan Rezvani Ghomi et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites for Improved Fire Safety

Qi Wang et al.

ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

Influence of montmorillonite on the properties of halogen-antimony flame retardant polypropylene composites

Jianlin Xu et al.

POLYMER COMPOSITES (2019)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Functionalized graphene with Co-ZIF adsorbed borate ions as an effective flame retardant and smoke suppression agent for epoxy resin

Wenzong Xu et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

The Effect of Multilevel Carbon Reinforcements on the Fire Performance, Conductivity, and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites

Andrea Toldy et al.

POLYMERS (2019)

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Article Thermodynamics

A novel exploration of metal-organic frameworks in flame-retardant epoxy composites

Yi Zheng et al.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

Effects of an Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Containing Allyl Benzoxazine and POSS on Thermal Properties and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resin

Benben Liu et al.

POLYMERS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

New Reactive Isoeugenol Based Phosphate Flame Retardant: Toward Green Epoxy Resins

Sylvie Pourchet et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Construction of SiO2@UiO-66 core shell microarchitectures through covalent linkage as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for epoxy resins

Wenwen Guo et al.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

Effect of fire retardants on mechanical properties of a green bio-epoxy composite

Ryan Budd et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

Polyethylene-based single polymer laminates: Synergistic effects of nanosilica and metal hydroxides

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JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

Vanillin-derived phosphorus-containing compounds and ammonium polyphosphate as green fire-resistant systems for epoxy resins with balanced properties

Xiwei Xu et al.

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (2019)

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Article Polymer Science

A combination of POSS and polyphosphazene for reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin

Yongqian Shi et al.

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Molecular Firefighting-How Modern Phosphorus Chemistry Can Help Solve the Challenge of Flame Retardancy

Maria M. Velencoso et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

The flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of a hybrid containing CuMoO4 modified reduced graphene oxide/layered double hydroxide on epoxy resin

Wenzong Xu et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Biobased polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated hollow mesoporous silica as a green flame retardant for epoxy resin

Shu-Doug Jiang et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Melamine-containing polyphosphazene wrapped ammonium polyphosphate: A novel multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant

Shuilai Qiu et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2018)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

Quantitative evaluation of the effect of dispersion techniques on the mechanical properties of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-epoxy nanocomposites

Kunal Mishra et al.

POLYMER COMPOSITES (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

A high synergistic P/N/Si-containing additive with dandelion-shaped structure deriving from self-assembly for enhancing thermal and flame retardant property of epoxy resins

Haiyang Wu et al.

REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Fire Retardancy of Aluminum Hydroxide Reinforced Flame Retardant Modified Epoxy Resin Composite

Muhammad Ahsan Iqbal et al.

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Performing and Fire-Resistant Biobased Epoxy Resin from Renewable Sources

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ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Thermodynamics

Preparation of a novel mono-component intumescent flame retardant for enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin

Long Yan et al.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Best Practices for the Synthesis, Activation, and Characterization of Metal-Organic Frameworks

Ashlee J. Howarth et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2017)

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Article Polymer Science

Highly dispersed melamine cyanurate flame-retardant epoxy resin composites

Hao Huang et al.

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL (2017)

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Article Polymer Science

Fully biobased epoxy resin systems composed of a vanillin-derived epoxy resin and renewable phenolic hardeners

Mitsuhiro Shibata et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Polymer Science

Preparation and investigation of flame-retardant epoxy resin modified with a novel halogen-free flame retardant containing phosphaphenanthrene, triazine-trione, and organoboron units

Shuang Yang et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Flame-retardant -wrappedpolyphosphazene nanotubes: A novel strategy for enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke toxicity suppression of epoxy resins

Shuilai Qiu et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

A study on mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties of epoxy/expandable graphite composites

Arezoo Mamani et al.

PIGMENT & RESIN TECHNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Preparation of green cardanol-based epoxy and hardener as primer coatings for petroleum and gas steel in marine environment

Ayman M. Atta et al.

PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS (2017)

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Review Polymer Science

Carbon-family materials for flame retardant polymeric materials

Xin Wang et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Simultaneous enhancements in the mechanical, thermal stability, and flame retardant properties of poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites with a novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

San-E Zhu et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2017)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Synergism and antagonism of phosphorus-containing epoxy resin combined with different metal hydroxides

Honghui Liao et al.

JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES (2016)

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Article Polymer Science

Reactive Modification of Thermoplastic and Thermoset Polymers using Flame Retardants: An Overview

Kunal Wazarkar et al.

POLYMER-PLASTICS TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING (2016)

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Article Engineering, Manufacturing

Synergistic flame retardancy effect of graphene nanosheets and traditional retardants on epoxy resin

Shan Liu et al.

COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING (2016)

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Article Polymer Science

Preparation and flame retardancy of DOPO-based epoxy resin containing bismaleimide

Tao Wang et al.

HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS (2016)

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Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Incorporation of epoxy resin and graphene nanolayers into silica xerogel network: an insight into thermal improvement of resin

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JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis of a novel flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen and boron and its application in flame-retardant epoxy resin

Shuang Yang et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2016)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen type flame retardant composed of maleimide, triazine-trione, and phosphaphenanthrene and its flame retardant effect on epoxy resin

Siqi Huo et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2016)

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Article Polymer Science

Synergistic flame-retardant effect of expandable graphite and phosphorus-containing compounds for epoxy resin: Strong bonding of different carbon residues

Shuang Yang et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Preparation and performances of novel waterborne intumescent fire retardant coatings

Zhitian Liu et al.

PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Modification of epoxy resin through the self-assembly of a surfactant-like multi-element flame retardant

C. Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2016)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Novel Multifunctional Organic Inorganic Hybrid Curing Agent with High Flame-Retardant Efficiency for Epoxy Resin

Yi Tan et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2015)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Synthesis of a Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Containing Additive with Multifunctional Groups and Its Flame-Retardant Effect in Epoxy Resin

Shuang Yang et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2015)

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Article Thermodynamics

Combustion behavior and thermal pyrolysis kinetics of flame-retardant epoxy composites based on organic-inorganic intumescent flame retardant

Chuanmei Jiao et al.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2015)

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Article Polymer Science

Effect of phosphorus-containing flame retardants on flame retardancy and thermal stability of tetrafunctional epoxy resin

Chunling Zhang et al.

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (2015)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Epoxy/graphene nanocomposites - processing and properties: a review

Jiacheng Wei et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2015)

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Review Polymer Science

Effects of ageing on the fire behaviour of flame-retarded polymers: a review

Henri Vahabi et al.

POLYMER INTERNATIONAL (2015)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis and properties of a phosphate ester as curing agent in an epoxy resin system

Chuanmei Jiao et al.

IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2014)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Preparation and properties of novel epoxy/graphene oxide nanosheets (GON) composites functionalized with flame retardant containing phosphorus and silicon

Kuo-Yi Li et al.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing bio-based epoxy resin from itaconic acid

Ma SongQi et al.

SCIENCE CHINA-CHEMISTRY (2014)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Study of the Curing Kinetics of Epoxy Resins with Biobased Hardener and Epoxidized Soybean Oil

Ghodsieh Mashouf Roudsari et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2014)

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Article Polymer Science

Biolignin™ based epoxy resins

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2013)

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Review Polymer Science

Recent developments in the fire retardancy of polymeric materials

Aravind Dasari et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Aluminum-organophosphorus hybrid nanorods for simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

Ma Jiajun et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY (2012)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Improved flame retardant properties of epoxy resin by fluorinated MMT/MWCNT additives

Ji Sun Im et al.

JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS (2010)

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Article Polymer Science

A Novel Intumescent Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resins System

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2010)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

New Trends in Reaction and Resistance to Fire of Fire-retardant Epoxies

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MATERIALS (2010)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

New prospects in flame retardant polymer materials: From fundamentals to nanocomposites

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MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS (2009)

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Article Polymer Science

Preparation and properties of halogen-free flame retardant epoxy resins with phosphorus-containing siloxanes

Jiapei Ding et al.

POLYMER BULLETIN (2009)

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Article Polymer Science

Influence of POSS structure on the fire retardant properties of epoxy hybrid networks

Elsa Franchini et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2009)

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Review Polymer Science

Flame retardancy of silicone-based materials

Siska Hamdani et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2009)

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Article Polymer Science

Synthesis of high-molecular-weight epoxy resins from modified natural oils and Bisphenol A or Bisphenol A-based epoxy resins

Piotr Czub

POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES (2009)

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