Pushing the Boundaries of Covalent Organic Frameworks through Postsynthetic Linker Exchange

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a fast-developing family of porous organic materials that have received substantial research interest during the last two decades. Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is the cornerstone of COF fabrication. DCC is a process that entails reversible bond breaking-reforming under equilibrium to attain the thermodynamically most stable structure. Due to the reversible nature of the covalent linkages, the building blocks of pre-synthesized COF or pre-assembled chemical entities, like network polymers and supramolecular hosts, can be replaced postsynthetically under appropriate reaction conditions. The technique is known as postsynthetic linker exchange (PLE). PLE provides an easy way to introduce functional building blocks into the COF backbone and control its chemical and physical properties. In this article, we have highlighted the recent advancements (from 2017 to 2023) in the postsynthetic linker exchange strategy for constructing highly crystalline and porous COFs that are often unattainable via de novo fabrication. The mechanistic insights of the linker exchange process for transforming various parent entities, such as COFs, amorphous covalent organic networks, linear polymers, and molecular cages to daughter COFs, have been deliberated with fascinating examples. We have also outlined some future avenues for applying the PLE process for the large-scale fabrication of highly crystalline COFs for real-time applications. The review includes the recent advancements in the postsynthetic linker exchange strategy for constructing highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The mechanistic insights and the advantages of the linker exchange process showcasing examples of transforming various parent entities, like COFs, amorphous covalent organic networks (CONs), linear polymers, and porous organic cages (POCs) to daughter COFs, have been deliberated with fascinating examples.image

Automated summary

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a rapidly developing family of porous organic materials that have attracted significant research interest. The use of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) and postsynthetic linker exchange (PLE) technique allows for the construction and control of COFs' properties. This article highlights the recent advancements (from 2017 to 2023) in the PLE strategy for highly crystalline and porous COFs, discussing mechanistic insights and future applications.