Direct Observations of Wave-Sea Ice Interactions in the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone

Wave energy propagating into the Antarctic marginal ice zone effects the quality and extent of the sea ice, and wave propagation is therefore an important factor for understanding and predicting changes in sea ice cover. Wave-sea ice interactions are notoriously hard to model and in situ observations of wave activity in the Antarctic marginal ice zone are scarce, due to the extreme conditions of the region. Here, we provide new in situ data from two drifting Surface Wave Instrument Float with Tracking (SWIFT) buoys deployed in the Weddell Sea in the austral winter and spring of 2019. The buoy location ranges from open water to more than 200 km into the sea ice. We estimate the attenuation of swell with wave periods 8-18 s, and find an attenuation coefficient alpha = 4 10( -6) to 7 10 (-5) m(-1) in spring, and approximately five-fold larger in winter. The attenuation coefficients show a power law frequency dependence, with power coefficient close to literature. The in situ data also shows a change in wave direction, where wave direction tends to be more perpendicular to the ice edge in sea ice compared to open water. A possible explanation for this might be a change in the dispersion relation caused by sea ice. These observations can help shed further light on the influence of sea ice on waves propagating into marginal ice zones, aiding development of coupled wave-sea ice models.

Automated summary

The article presents in situ observations of wave activity in the Antarctic marginal ice zone, investigating the interactions between waves and sea ice as well as the attenuation of waves in different seasons. The observations also suggest that sea ice may cause a change in wave direction. These findings are significant for understanding the influence of sea ice on waves and the development of coupled wave-sea ice models.