Robotic Modules for the Programmable Chemputation of Molecules and Materials

Before leveraging big data methods like machine learningand artificialintelligence (AI) in chemistry, there is an imperative need for anaffordable, universal digitization standard. This mirrors the foundationalrequisites of the digital revolution, which demanded standard architectureswith precise specifications. Recently, we have developed automatedplatforms tailored for chemical AI-driven exploration, including thesynthesis of molecules, materials, nanomaterials, and formulations.Our focus has been on designing and constructing affordable standardhardware and software modules that serve as a blueprint for chemistrydigitization across varied fields. Our platforms can be categorizedinto four types based on their applications: (i) discovery systemsfor the exploration of chemical space and novel reactivity, (ii) systemsfor the synthesis and manufacture of fine chemicals, (iii) platformsfor formulation discovery and exploration, and (iv) systems for materialsdiscovery and synthesis. We also highlight the convergent evolutionof these platforms through shared hardware, firmware, and softwarealongside the creation of a unique programming language for chemicaland material systems. This programming approach is essential for reliablesynthesis, designing experiments, discovery, optimization, and establishingnew collaboration standards. Furthermore, it is crucial for verifyingliterature findings, enhancing experimental outcome reliability, andfostering collaboration and sharing of unsuccessful experiments acrossdifferent research labs. We providean account of the development and use of a suiteof automated platforms, and a universal digitization standard, forchemistry. We detail the requirements which drove this development.

Automated summary

Before utilizing big data methods such as machine learning and AI in chemistry, it is crucial to establish an affordable and universal digitization standard. This can be achieved through the development of automated platforms and standardized hardware and software modules, enabling exploration in various fields of chemistry. These platforms can be categorized into discovery systems, synthesis and manufacturing systems, formulation discovery platforms, and materials discovery systems. The convergence of these platforms through shared technology and a unique programming language is essential for reliable synthesis, experiment design, collaboration, and verification of literature findings.