Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Association between exposure to combustion-related air pollution and multiple sclerosis risk

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

Summary: The study found an association between ambient air pollution and the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), and this risk is influenced by the interaction with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15:01 allele.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Insufficient sleep during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from a Swedish case-control study

Torbjorn Akerstedt et al.

Summary: Insufficient sleep and low sleep quality may increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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Review Microbiology

Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis

Samantha S. Soldan et al.

Summary: EBV plays a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) through the reprogramming of infected B lymphocytes and the chronic presentation of viral antigens. Understanding how EBV contributes to MS may also provide insights into the relationship between EBV and cancer.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Siblings reduce multiple sclerosis risk by preventing delayed primary Epstein-Barr virus infection

Klaus Rostgaard et al.

Summary: Epstein-Barr virus infection is a prerequisite for the development of multiple sclerosis, particularly delayed infections. Siblings provide protection against infectious mononucleosis by occasionally preventing delayed primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. The age difference between siblings determines the level of protection, with closer age gaps providing higher protection.

BRAIN (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Risk HLA Variants Affect the T-Cell Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis

Melissa Sorosina et al.

Neurology-Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation (2023)

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Review Microbiology

Comprehensive Investigations Relationship Between Viral Infections and Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis

Somayeh Sedighi et al.

Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and is characterized by compartmentalized chronic inflammation. Genetic and environmental factors are believed to play important roles in the development of MS. Viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), have been identified as triggers for MS due to their ability to evade immune detection and reactivate. This study examines the impact of viral infections on MS risk and explores strategies for prevention, including targeting the important virus EBV.

CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Review Microbiology

Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis

Samantha S. Soldan et al.

Summary: This review article examines the evidence for EBV as a causal agent of MS and discusses how various risk factors can affect EBV infection and immune control. The article focuses on the reprogramming of latently infected B lymphocytes by EBV and the chronic presentation of viral antigens as a potential mechanism for MS development. The potential for therapies targeting EBV to treat MS is also discussed.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis associated with ozone pollution

Amin Ziaei et al.

Summary: There is an association between county-level ozone and POMS, and there are additive interactions between high ozone levels and DRB1*15 and the CD86 GG genotype.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2022)

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Editorial Material Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Longitudinal Analysis Suggests Epstein--Barr as Cause of Multiple Sclerosis

[Anonymous]

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2022)

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Review Physiology

Autoimmunity as a sequela to obesity and systemic inflammation

Victoria R. Kwiat et al.

Summary: Obesity is closely associated with autoimmune diseases, with leptin playing a crucial role. Obesity not only enhances immune system activation but also leads to chronic inflammation and development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, other factors such as sustained platelet activation, gut dysbiosis, and aging are also linked to obesity and autoimmune diseases.

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Fatty acids role in multiple sclerosis as metabokines

Haojun Yu et al.

Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease that lacks effective treatment options. Fatty acids (FA) have been found to have a close connection with MS, as they can modulate immune cell function, protect blood-brain barrier integrity, reduce central nervous system inflammation, and promote remyelination.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2022)

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Review Immunology

Urgency and necessity of Epstein-Barr virus prophylactic vaccines

Ling Zhong et al.

Summary: This review discusses the disease burden caused by EBV and the necessity of developing an EBV vaccine. Current efforts focus on improving the efficacy of vaccines through antigen selection, combination, and design. Various EBV glycoproteins show promising immunogenicity, and combinations of multiple EBV proteins become attractive approaches. Innovative vaccine design methods, such as virus-like particles and polymer-based nanoparticles, are also explored. Animal models and immune response activation strategies are important for vaccine development.

NPJ VACCINES (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Manon Galoppin et al.

Summary: Vitamin D plays an important role in multiple sclerosis by modulating the immune system, reducing disease activity and progression. It affects the differentiation of immune cells, regulates innate immune cells, and reduces immune cell trafficking at the blood-brain barrier. Additionally, Vitamin D reduces activation of glial cells within the central nervous system, potentially providing neuroprotective effects.

BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis

Kjetil Bjornevik et al.

Summary: This study suggests that multiple sclerosis may be caused by Epstein-Barr virus, with no direct association with other viral infections. These findings provide clues to the primary cause of MS.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Attenuated immune control of Epstein-Barr virus in humanized mice is associated with the multiple sclerosis risk factor HLA-DR15

Hana Zdimerova et al.

Summary: The immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection along with the main genetic risk factor HLA-DR15 are shown to synergize in increasing the likelihood of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) sevenfold. The study observed elevated activation of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in HLA-DR15 donor-reconstituted humanized mice, even when compared to those carrying HLA-DR4 which is associated with other autoimmune diseases. Despite the higher immune activation, EBV viral loads were less well controlled in the context of HLA-DR15, and CD4(+) T cell clones demonstrated cross-reactivity towards allogeneic target cells and an MS autoantigen.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Overweight/obesity in young adulthood interacts with aspects of EBV infection in MS etiology

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

Summary: This study found that overweight/obesity in young adulthood interacts significantly with high EBNA-1 antibody levels, increasing the risk for multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, three-way interactions were present between HLA-DRB1*15:01, overweight/obesity at age 20 years, and each aspect of EBV infection.

NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vitamin D-independent benefits of safe sunlight exposure

Anna S. Erem et al.

Summary: Ultraviolet radiation has beneficial effects on systemic autoimmune diseases through stimulating anti-inflammatory pathways, changing immune cell composition, and inducing metabolic pathways, in addition to its role in vitamin D synthesis. Understanding the effects of UV radiation on both vitamin D-dependent and -independent pathways is crucial for comprehending its impact on various human diseases amidst global lifestyle changes.

JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

DRB1-environment interactions in multiple sclerosis etiology: results from two Swedish case-control studies

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of environmental risk factors on multiple sclerosis in different genetic contexts. It found that DRB1*15:01 homozygotes exposed to environmental factors had a significantly increased risk of developing MS, especially among smokers, those with elevated EBNA-1 antibody levels, and individuals who reported adolescent overweight/obesity.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

The relative contributions of obesity, vitamin D, leptin, and adiponectin to multiple sclerosis risk: A Mendelian randomization mediation analysis

Adil Harroud et al.

Summary: Obesity is associated with increased risk of MS, partially mediated by lowered vitamin D levels, while leptin and adiponectin have no effect.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Cumulative Roles for Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Endogenous Retroviruses, and Human Herpes Virus-6 in Driving an Inflammatory Cascade Underlying MS Pathogenesis

Ute-Christiane Meier et al.

Summary: Viral infections and aberrant immune responses play critical roles in driving localized neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered to be a key player in MS pathogenesis, triggering localized inflammation near or within the central nervous system (CNS) through direct or indirect mechanisms involving B-cells, T-cells, cytokine-activated astrocytes and microglia cells damaging the myelin sheath of neurons. Genetic factors like HLA-DR2b may contribute to aberrant EBV antigen-presentation and autoimmune responses characteristic of MS.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Low sun exposure acts synergistically with high Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) antibody levels in multiple sclerosis etiology

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

Summary: The study found a synergistic effect between low sun exposure and high EBNA-1 antibody levels in multiple sclerosis risk, regardless of HLA-DRB1*15:01 status.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Role of environmental factors in multiple sclerosis

Amin Zarghami et al.

Summary: This article reviews the role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis and progression of MS, highlighting factors like tobacco smoking, low vitamin D levels, EBV infection, and the impact of gene-environment interactions. While there is good evidence for certain environmental risk factors increasing the risk of developing MS, the evidence for other environmental factors affecting MS progression is limited. More research is needed in this area to fully understand the impact of environmental factors on the course of MS.

EXPERT REVIEW OF NEUROTHERAPEUTICS (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The roles of T cells in obese adipose tissue inflammation

Qiong Wang et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that T cells, including Th1, Th17, CD8(+) T cells, and Treg cells, play significant roles in regulating adipose tissue inflammation in obese patients. Therapeutic strategies targeting the mechanisms by which these T cell subtypes regulate inflammation may provide new directions for treating obesity, with further research needed to identify potential treatments.

ADIPOCYTE (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Seafood, fatty acid biosynthesis genes, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility

Annette Langer-Gould et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Low sun exposure increases multiple sclerosis risk both directly and indirectly

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Multiple Sclerosis A Review

Mattia Rosso et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

High Levels of Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1-Specific Antibodies and Infectious Mononucleosis Act Both Independently and Synergistically to Increase Multiple Sclerosis Risk

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Impact of cytomegalovirus infection on B cell differentiation and cytokine production in multiple sclerosis

Ana Zabalza et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HLA-DR15 Molecules Jointly Shape an Autoreactive T Cell Repertoire in Multiple Sclerosis

Jian Wang et al.

CELL (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

The Gut-CNS Axis in Multiple Sclerosis

Atsushi Kadowaki et al.

TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Smoking and Epstein-Barr virus infection in multiple sclerosis development

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Function of multiple sclerosis-protective HLA class I alleles revealed by genome-wide protein-quantitative trait loci mapping of interferon signalling

Christian Lundtoft et al.

PLOS GENETICS (2020)

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Article Oncology

Smoking can increase nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk by repeatedly reactivating Epstein-Barr Virus: An analysis of a prospective study in southern China

Ting Hu et al.

CANCER MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Latitude continues to be significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: an updated meta-analysis

Steve Simpson et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2019)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease

G. C. Roman et al.

REVUE NEUROLOGIQUE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility

Nikolas A. Patsopoulos et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Virology

Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells Selectively Infiltrate the Brain in Multiple Sclerosis and Interact Locally with VirusInfected Cells: Clue for a Virus-Driven Immunopathological Mechanism

Barbara Serafini et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

UV light suppression of EAE (a mouse model of multiple sclerosis) is independent of vitamin D and its receptor

Amy A. Irving et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

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Article Immunology

Increased Serological Response Against Human Herpesvirus 6A Is Associated With Risk for Multiple Sclerosis

Elin Engdahl et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Immunology

Association Between Environmental Factors and Oral Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Loads: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Study in China

Yong-Qiao He et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Article Microbiology

Epstein-Barr Virus and the Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex

Qingxue Li et al.

CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS (2019)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Low intrathecal antibody production despite high seroprevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis: a review of the literature

Klemens Ruprecht et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2018)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The Gut Feeling: Breaking Down the Role of Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis

Samantha N. Freedman et al.

NEUROTHERAPEUTICS (2018)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Review of the Global Solar UV Index 2015 Workshop Report

Peter Gies et al.

HEALTH PHYSICS (2018)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

HLA alleles modulate EBV viral load in multiple sclerosis

Simone Agostini et al.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites

Veit Rothhammer et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Transcription factors operate across disease loci, with EBNA2 implicated in autoimmunity

John B. Harley et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Organic solvents and MS susceptibility Interaction with MS risk HLA genes

Anna Karin Hedstrom et al.

NEUROLOGY (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts

R. Estruch et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Epstein-Barr virus is present in the brain of most cases of multiple sclerosis and may engage more than just B cells

Asma Hassani et al.

PLOS ONE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

DNA methylation as a mediator of HLA-DRB1☆15:01 and a protective variant in multiple sclerosis

Lara Kular et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The Relationship Between Environmental Factors and the Profile of Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies in the Lytic and Latent Infection Periods in Healthy Populations from Endemic and Non-Endemic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Areas in China

Yong-Qiao He et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Memory B Cells Activate Brain-Homing, Autoreactive CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis

Ivan Jelcic et al.

CELL (2018)

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Review Neurosciences

Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Neuroinflammation and the Blood-Brain Barrier

Peter Van Dyken et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Molecular signature of Epstein-Barr virus infection in MS brain lesions

Monica A. Moreno et al.

NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION (2018)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Stressful life events and the risk of initial central nervous system demyelination

Alice Saul et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Neonatal vitamin D status and risk of multiple sclerosis A population-based case-control study

Nete Munk Nielsen et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Oncology

Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down?

Feifei Qiu et al.

ONCOTARGET (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Stressful life events and the risk of initial central nervous system demyelination

Alice Saul et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Virology

Asymptomatic Primary Infection with Epstein-Barr Virus: Observations on Young Adult Cases

Rachel J. Abbott et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of multiple sclerosis

Kjetil Bjornevik et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility A multiethnic study

Annette Langer-Gould et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Evidence for a causal relationship between low vitamin D, high BMI, and pediatric-onset MS

Milena A. Gianfrancesco et al.

NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models

Egle Cekanaviciute et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

Kerstin Berer et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of multiple sclerosis

Kjetil Bjornevik et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Season of infectious mononucleosis as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis: A UK primary care case-control study

Christina Downham et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Elevated EBNA-1 IgG in MS is associated with genetic MS risk variants

Karim L. Kreft et al.

NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION (2017)

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Article Immunology

Alteration of Natural Killer cell phenotype and function in obese individuals

Sebastien Viel et al.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Review Immunology

Dysbiosis and the immune system

Maayan Levy et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Body mass index during adolescence, rather than childhood, is critical in determining MS risk

A. K. Hedstrom et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a decreased risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: Results from the Ausimmune Study

Samuel Hoare et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Population attributable fractions and joint effects of key risk factors for multiple sclerosis

I. A. F. van der Mei et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Body mass index during adolescence, rather than childhood, is critical in determining MS risk

A. K. Hedstrom et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Higher intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with a decreased risk of a first clinical diagnosis of central nervous system demyelination: Results from the Ausimmune Study

Samuel Hoare et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Population attributable fractions and joint effects of key risk factors for multiple sclerosis

I. A. F. van der Mei et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Vitamin D, HLA-DRB1 and Epstein-Barr virus antibody levels in a prospective cohort of multiple sclerosis patients

S. Wergeland et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2016)

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Review Immunology

Illuminating vitamin D effects on B cells - the multiple sclerosis perspective

Linda Rolf et al.

IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Genetic loci for Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 are associated with risk of multiple sclerosis

Yuan Zhou et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Type I interferons and microbial metabolites of tryptophan modulate astrocyte activity and central nervous system inflammation via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Veit Rothhammer et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Lauren E. Mokry et al.

PLOS MEDICINE (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Vitamin D Status During Pregnancy and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in Offspring of Women in the Finnish Maternity Cohort

Kassandra L. Munger et al.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Genetic loci for Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 are associated with risk of multiple sclerosis

Yuan Zhou et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Shift work at young age is associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis in a Danish population

S. Gustavsen et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci implicated in epigenetic regulation

Till F. M. Andlauer et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Distinct Epigenetic Effects of Tobacco Smoking in Whole Blood and among Leukocyte Subtypes

Dan Su et al.

PLOS ONE (2016)

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Article Immunology

NKT cells can help mediate the protective effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice

Amanda Waddell et al.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Environmental risk factors and multiple sclerosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Lazaros Belbasis et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study

Marianna Cortese et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2015)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Class II HLA interactions modulate genetic risk for multiple sclerosis

Loukas Moutsianas et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Age-related profiling of DNA methylation in CD8+T cells reveals changes in immune response and transcriptional regulator genes

Liina Tserel et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2015)

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Article Microbiology

Early Virological and Immunological Events in Asymptomatic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in African Children

Shamanthi Jayasooriya et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study

Marianna Cortese et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Obesity interacts with infectious mononucleosis in risk of multiple sclerosis

A. K. Hedstrom et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2015)

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Article Immunology

Heterologous immunity between viruses

Raymond M. Welsh et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

EBNA2 Binds to Genomic Intervals Associated with Multiple Sclerosis and Overlaps with Vitamin D Receptor Occupancy

Vito A. G. Ricigliano et al.

PLOS ONE (2015)

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Review Immunology

Infectious mononucleosis

Henry H. Balfou et al.

CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Neonatal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis

Peter Ueda et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2014)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Ultraviolet B Light Attenuates the Systemic Immune Response in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity

Johanna Breuer et al.

ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY (2014)

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Article Hematology

Role for early-differentiated natural killer cells in infectious mononucleosis

Tarik Azzi et al.

BLOOD (2014)

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Article Immunology

Role of Human Natural Killer Cells during Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Christian Muenz

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2014)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Smoking and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis Evidence of Modification by NAT1 Variants

Farren B. S. Briggs et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Interaction between passive smoking and two HLA genes with regard to multiple sclerosis risk

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