Genomic signatures of eusocial evolution in insects

Article Evolutionary Biology

Co-expression Gene Networks and Machine-learning Algorithms Unveil a Core Genetic Toolkit for Reproductive Division of Labour in Rudimentary Insect Societies

Emeline Favreau et al.

Summary: This study investigates the genetic similarities between bees and wasps in relation to the evolution of eusociality, revealing a shared genetic toolkit and lineage-specific genes and modules associated with social phenotypes.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Wood feeding and social living: Draft genome of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus (Blattodea; Termitoidae)

Jacopo Martelossi et al.

Summary: This study reports the draft genome of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes lucifugus, an economically important species with extensive research on its eusocial organization and mating system. The assembly covered a significant portion of the estimated genome size and showed complete homozygosity. The study identified numerous gene duplications associated with R. lucifugus diversification and significant lineage-specific expansions in gene families related to development, perception, and nutrient metabolism pathways. Additionally, a detailed analysis of P450 and odorant receptor gene repertoires revealed a wide diversity and dynamic evolutionary history. Overall, this newly assembled genome provides valuable insights into termite biology and pest control.

INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Worker Reproduction and Caste Polymorphism Impact Genome Evolution and Social Genes Across the Ants

Megan Barkdull et al.

Summary: Eusocial insects have reproductive division of labor and caste polymorphisms, which may modulate genome evolution. Comparative analyses of 22 ant genomes show that worker reproductive capacity is associated with reduced relaxed selection, but not with significant change to positive selection. Species with polymorphic workers have decreased positive selection. Candidate genes associated with worker sterility and soldier development in Pheidole ants experience intensified selection in worker polymorphic species.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Social complexity, life-history and lineage influence the molecular basis of castes in vespid wasps

Christopher Douglas Robert Wyatt et al.

Summary: A shared genetic toolkit is believed to regulate reproductive castes in social insects. The authors analyze brain transcriptomes from nine species of social wasps to identify the factors that shape this toolkit.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Putting hornets on the genomic map

Emeline Favreau et al.

Summary: Hornets are important regulators of insect populations in their native ranges, but they can also have devastating effects as invasive species. Understanding the success of hornet invasions is crucial for managing future introductions. This study provides annotated genomes for two hornets, and reveals selection pressure on reproduction-associated genes, as well as differentially expressed genes in their brains.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2023)

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Article Biology

Social insect transcriptomics and the molecular basis of caste diversity

Sarah E. Orr et al.

Summary: Studies of gene expression provide crucial information on the molecular mechanisms underlying variation in phenotype. Recent advancements in social insect transcriptomics have improved our understanding of phenotypic diversity and identified key genes and networks involved in producing different social insect castes.

CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Biology

Olfactory sensitivity differentiates morphologically distinct worker castes in Camponotus floridanus

S. T. Ferguson et al.

Summary: The study reveals that there are significant differences in olfactory sensitivity and odor coding between minor and major workers in Camponotus floridanus ant colonies. Minors primarily display excitatory responses to olfactory stimuli, while majors manifest suppressed responses. However, both minors and majors show excitatory responses to conspecific cuticular extracts. Moreover, majors exhibit enhanced aggression and killing abilities towards non-nestmate foes. The findings support the hypothesis that minors are multipotential workers and majors are specialized soldiers with specific olfactory sensitivity.

BMC BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Biology

Epigenetic regulation and division of labor in social insects

Louis A. Okwaro et al.

Summary: Analogous to multicellular organisms, social insect colonies exhibit division of labor regulated by epigenetic factors. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of DNA methylation and histone modifications in caste differentiation and division of labor in social insects, highlighting the need for refined methods and targeted questions to further advance our understanding in this field of socio-epigenomics.

CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Live-bearing cockroach genome reveals convergent evolutionary mechanisms linked to viviparity in insects and beyond

Bertrand Fouks et al.

Summary: This translated article discusses research on viviparous insects, which has identified evolutionary pathways and changes in structure and physiology to facilitate the transition to viviparity and nourish offspring.

ISCIENCE (2023)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus: Gene duplication facilitates social evolution

Shuji Shigenobu et al.

Summary: Termites are social organisms with a polyphenic caste system, and gene duplication plays a crucial role in their social evolution. The duplicated genes in the termite genome are associated with caste-biased gene expression and diverse social functions, contributing to caste-specialized functions. Gene duplication facilitates social evolution through regulatory diversification, leading to caste-biased expression and subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ant phylogenomics reveals a natural selection hotspot preceding the origin of complex eusociality

Jonathan Romiguier et al.

Summary: The evolution of ants has made them one of the most prominent and ecologically dominant organisms in the world. By sequencing genomes and analyzing genetic data, researchers have established a reliable phylogeny of ant subfamilies and identified key gene functions associated with complex eusociality.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Entomology

Social insect colony size is correlated with rates of molecular evolution

B. E. R. Rubin

Summary: Greater germline cell divisions may lead to increased mutations inherited by offspring; colony size in social insects is positively correlated with rates of molecular evolution; large colonies may experience intensified constraint on DNA repair genes and increase selective pressure for replication fidelity.

INSECTES SOCIAUX (2022)

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Article Biology

Termite sociogenomics: evolution and regulation of caste-specific expressed genes

Kiyoto Maekawa et al.

Summary: Termite genomes of different species have been sequenced and showed a large number of protein-coding genes with caste-specific expression patterns. These genes are involved in specific morphologies and roles, such as high fecundity and longevity in reproductives. Some of these genes belong to multi-gene families and have evolved through gene duplication. The regulation of caste-specific gene expression involves epigenetic regulation and diversification of transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements. This review provides an overview of termite sociogenomics, focusing on the evolution and regulation of caste-specific gene expression, and discusses future research directions.

CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Entomology

Differential Selection on Caste-Associated Genes in a Subterranean Termite

Julianne M. Radford et al.

Summary: This study analyzed the genetic events associated with social insect castes and other social polymorphisms using RNA analysis. The results showed that certain genetic variants confer advantages to specific castes, and that the behavior changes during social insect urban invasions may not correspond to the loss of genetic diversity expected from invasion bottlenecks.

INSECTS (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Eusocial Transition in Blattodea: Transposable Elements and Shifts of Gene Expression

Juliette Berger et al.

Summary: Our study investigates whether transposons insert more frequently in genes with differential expression in queens and workers, and if those genes could be linked to specific functions essential for eusocial transition using available cockroach and termite genomes and transcriptomes. The insertion rate of transposons differs among differentially expressed genes and displays opposite trends between termites and cockroaches. The functions of termite transposon-rich queen- and worker-biased genes are related to reproduction and ageing and behaviour and gene expression, respectively.

GENES (2022)

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Review Biochemical Research Methods

Interpretation of deep learning in genomics and epigenomics

Amlan Talukder et al.

Summary: Machine learning methods have been widely used in genomics and epigenomics research, with model interpretability being crucial for understanding molecular mechanisms. DNNs have shown high accuracy in predictions, but their black-box nature poses challenges in explaining the results.

BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS (2021)

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Article Ecology

No obvious transcriptome-wide signature of indirect selection in termites

Mark C. Harrison et al.

Summary: Research indicates that genes associated with reproductive and sterile castes in termites show little evidence of direct and indirect selection in their expression, with most gene sets displaying strong purifying selection patterns. In some specific species, there may be a relaxation of selection strength towards genes biased towards reproductive nymphs. Furthermore, in other species, the synonymous rate (dS) appears to be highest in the sterile worker caste, suggesting a more subtle signature of indirect selection or a different relationship between caste-biased expression and rates of molecular evolution.

JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Expansion and Accelerated Evolution of 9-Exon Odorant Receptors in Polistes Paper Wasps

Andrew W. Legan et al.

Summary: Independent origins of sociality in bees and ants are associated with expansions of particular odorant receptor (OR) gene subfamilies. The 9-exon subfamily has dramatically expanded in ants, which detect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), key social signaling molecules. Studies on the northern paper wasp Polistes fuscatus show that OR gene expansions are tied to both natural selection and neutral drift, affecting interspecies differences in gene copy number and sequence.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2021)

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Article Biology

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the mechanisms underpinning ageing and fecundity in social insects

Judith Korb et al.

Summary: By comparing gene expression patterns between young and old castes in different lineages of social insects, the study reveals the important role of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling (IIS)/target of rapamycin (TOR)/juvenile hormone (JH) network in ageing and caste-specific physiology of social insects.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Biology

Sociality sculpts similar patterns of molecular evolution in two independently evolved lineages of eusocial bees

Wyatt A. Shell et al.

Summary: The study compares the molecular evolution of bee genomes across species with varying social behaviors, finding that eusocial lineages tend to have more gene family expansions. Transcriptomic data suggests that social phenotype is a consistent driver of macroevolutionary genomic change.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The genomic basis of evolutionary differentiation among honey bees

Bertrand Fouks et al.

Summary: This study compared the genomes of three different subgenera of honey bees and revealed a complex gene regulation pattern and the role of positive selection in adaptive evolution among honey bee species.

GENOME RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Ecology

Life History and the Transitions to Eusociality in the Hymenoptera

Jack da Silva

Summary: The evolution of eusociality may be influenced by kin selection, genetic, ecological, and life history conditions. Eusociality in bees, ants, and stinging wasps may be common due to the haplodiploid genetic sex determination in Hymenoptera. Semisociality often precedes eusociality, and a loss of larval diapause may play a crucial role in the transition towards eusociality.

FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2021)

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Review Biology

The role of epigenetics, particularly DNA methylation, in the evolution of caste in insect societies

Benjamin P. Oldroyd et al.

Summary: Eusocial insects, such as bees, have distinct queens and workers that arise from a common genome, with caste-specific developmental trajectories potentially influenced by epigenetic processes. Early studies suggested a causal role for DNA methylation in caste dimorphism, but more recent research has shown inconsistent associations between methylation and caste. The functional significance of DNA methylation in social insects remains equivocal, with studies on honeybees and other species yielding conflicting evidence.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2021)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genome architecture and social evolution

Sandra M. Rehan

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Entomology

Draft genome sequence of the termite, Coptotermes formosanus: Genetic insights into the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of the termite

Shuji Itakura et al.

JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biology

Eusociality influences the strength of negative selection on insect genomes

Mohammad A. Imrit et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Gene content evolution in the arthropods

Gregg W. C. Thomas et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The impact of transposable elements in adaptive evolution

Lukas Schrader et al.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2019)

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Review Ecology

Coevolution of Genome Architecture and Social Behavior

Dustin R. Rubenstein et al.

TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2019)

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Article Biology

Rate variation in the evolution o non-coding DNA associated with social evolution in bees

Benjamin E. R. Rubin et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Enormous expansion of the chemosensory gene repertoire in the omnivorous German cockroach Blattella germanica

Hugh M. Robertson et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION (2018)

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Article Ecology

Hemimetabolous genomes reveal molecular basis of termite eusociality

Mark C. Harrison et al.

NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2018)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Conserved Genes Underlie Phenotypic Plasticity in an Incipiently Social Bee

Sandra M. Rehan et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2018)

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Article Entomology

Molecular Evolution of the Major Arthropod Chemoreceptor Gene Families

Hugh M. Robertson

Annual Review of Entomology (2018)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Variation in DNA Methylation Is Not Consistently Reflectedby Sociality in Hymenoptera

Karl M. Glastad et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gene expression is more strongly influenced by age than caste in the ant Lasius niger

Eric R. Lucas et al.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Specialized odorant receptors in social insects that detect cuticular hydrocarbon cues and candidate pheromones

Gregory M. Pask et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera

Ralph S. Peters et al.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

Chemoreceptor Evolution in Hymenoptera and Its Implications for the Evolution of Eusociality

Xiaofan Zhou et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Reproductive workers show queenlike gene expression in an intermediately eusocial insect, the buff-tailed bumble bee Bombus terrestris

Mark C. Harrison et al.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genomic signatures of evolutionary transitions from solitary to group living

Karen M. Kapheim et al.

SCIENCE (2015)

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Review Ecology

Climbing the social ladder: the molecular evolution of sociality

Sandra M. Rehan et al.

TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION (2015)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

A genomic comparison of two termites with different social complexity

Judith Korb et al.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2015)

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Article Evolutionary Biology

At the brink of eusociality: transcriptomic correlates of worker behaviour in a small carpenter bee

Sandra M. Rehan et al.

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Convergent Genetic Architecture Underlies Social Organization in Ants

Jessica Purcell et al.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Population genomics of the honey bee reveals strong signatures of positive selection on worker traits

Brock A. Harpur et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Complementary symbiont contributions to plant decomposition in a fungus-farming termite

Michael Poulsen et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecular traces of alternative social organization in a termite genome

Nicolas Terrapon et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2014)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

Neutral and adaptive explanations for an association between caste-biased gene expression and rate of sequence evolution

Heikki Helantera et al.

FRONTIERS IN GENETICS (2014)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Social insect genomes exhibit dramatic evolution in gene composition and regulation while preserving regulatory features linked to sociality

Daniel F. Simola et al.

GENOME RESEARCH (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A Y-like social chromosome causes alternative colony organization in fire ants

John Wang et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Relaxed selection is a precursor to the evolution of phenotypic plasticity

Brendan G. Hunt et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Review Biology

DECONSTRUCTING THE SUPERORGANISM: SOCIAL PHYSIOLOGY, GROUNDPLANS, AND SOCIOGENOMICS

Brian R. Johnson et al.

QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY (2010)

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Article Biology

Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches

Daegan Inward et al.

BIOLOGY LETTERS (2007)

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Genomic signatures of eusocial evolution in insects

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