System for Indoor Comfort and Health Monitoring Tested in Office Building Environment

The use of smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more and more popular in order to enhance the overall building performance by monitoring parameters related to occupants' comfort and health in the built environment. A new modular, custom-made and replicable IoT system is proposed based on an Arduino development board (MKR WiFi 1010) connected to the Arduino IoT Cloud. An Application Programming Interface (API) enables the integration of this system with other possible ones, thus making the system modular, custom-made and replicable. A series of parameters were simultaneously monitored over a 7-day period in two office spaces and a photovoltaic (PV)-testing laboratory. While the meteorological and comfort parameters (temperature, relative humidity, CO2) were monitored in all three spaces, the health parameters (total volatile organic compounds-TVOCs; formaldehyde-HCHO; particulate matter-PM; and radon-222Rn) were monitored only in an office setup located right next to a Chemical Analysis and Testing Laboratory. Generally, the registered values of the health parameters fell within the recommended thresholds. However, the thermal comfort parameters were constantly exceeded: over 90% of the working time in the two office spaces and 83.33% in the PV-testing laboratory. Still, the optimal relative humidity values in the monitored spaces contributed to the discomfort reduction in the occupants. Also, CO2 and TVOCs had some exceptions in particular conditions. CO2 values of up to 1500 ppm due to poor ventilation and TVOC levels of up to 1000 ppb related to chemical experiment development were registered. Also, several other peaks were recorded when monitoring HCHO as well as PM. Thus, special attention must be paid to natural ventilation or to the improvement of building characteristics. Also, the time intervals when experiments in the Chemical Analysis and Testing Laboratory are carried out should be communicated to other personnel from the nearest offices. The testing of the monitoring system over a one-week period showed that the proposed solution operated adequately, representing a reliable tool for data acquisition via the Arduino IoT Cloud.

Automated summary

The use of smart technologies and IoT in the built environment is gaining popularity for monitoring parameters related to occupants' comfort and health. This study proposes a modular and replicable IoT system based on Arduino board, which successfully monitors various parameters in office spaces and a testing laboratory. The results suggest that while health parameters generally meet the recommended thresholds, thermal comfort parameters are consistently exceeded, highlighting the need for improved ventilation and building characteristics.