bacterial taxa, are associated with childhood caries regardless of age in a South China population

Background: Human microbiome dysbiosis is related to various human diseases, and identifying robust and consistent biomarkers that apply in different populations is a key challenge. This challenge arises when identifying key microbial markers of childhood caries. Methods: We analyzed unstimulated saliva and supragingival plaque samples from children of different ages and sexes, performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and sought to identify whether consistent markers exist among subpopulations by using a multivariate linear regression model.Results: We found that Acinetobacter and Clostridiales bacterial taxa were associated with caries in plaque and saliva, respectively, while Firmicutes and Clostridia were found in plaque isolated from children of different ages in preschool and school. These identified bacterial markers largely differ between different populations, leaving only Saccharibacteria as a significant caries-associated phylum in children. Saccharibacteria is a newly identified phylum, and our taxonomic assignment database could not be used to identify its specific genus.Conclusion: Our data indicated that, in a South China population, oral microbial signatures for dental caries show age and sex differences, but Saccharibacteria might be a consistent signal and worth further investigation, considering the lack of research on this microbe.

Automated summary

By analyzing samples from different ages and sexes of children, we found that Acinetobacter and Clostridiales were associated with caries in plaque and saliva, respectively. We also found the presence of Firmicutes and Clostridia in plaque from children of different ages. However, these bacterial markers varied greatly between different populations, with only Saccharibacteria being a consistent signal for childhood caries.