期刊
MINERALS
卷 13, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/min13081085
关键词
bronze corrosion; Fontanamare shipwreck; underwater environment
This study used optical microscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy to analyze the corrosion patina on nine coins found underwater. Three main types of corrosion patina based on copper, lead chloride, and carbonate were identified: black, white, and green. The results demonstrate the complex corrosion processes that occur underwater. The study attempts to understand the nature of the patinas on the coins in relation to specific structural and environmental parameter variation.
This study reports the analytical approach towards nine coins found in wreck A of Fontanamare for understanding the complex corrosion processes that take place in underwater conditions. Optical microscopy (OM) combined with micro-Raman (mu-Raman) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM and EDS) were used to analyze the nature and the microstructure of the corrosion patina in comparison with the non-degraded state of coins. Three main types of corrosion patina based on copper, lead chloride, and carbonate were identified: black, white, and green, and the obtained results demonstrate the complex corrosion processes that take place in underwater conditions. To better understand the role played by different chemical and physical parameters in the corrosion of bronze artefacts in an underwater environment, this study attempts to understand the nature of the patinas on the coins in relation to the specific structural and environmental parameter variation.
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