Implementing Core Genes and an Omnigenic Model for Behaviour Traits Prediction in Genomics

A high number of genome variants are associated with complex traits, mainly due to genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Using polygenic risk scores (PRSs) is a widely accepted method for calculating an individual's complex trait prognosis using such data. Unlike monogenic traits, the practical implementation of complex traits by applying this method still falls behind. Calculating PRSs from all GWAS data has limited practical usability in behaviour traits due to statistical noise and the small effect size from a high number of genome variants involved. From a behaviour traits perspective, complex traits are explored using the concept of core genes from an omnigenic model, aiming to employ a simplified calculation version. Simplification may reduce the accuracy compared to a complete PRS encompassing all trait-associated variants. Integrating genome data with datasets from various disciplines, such as IT and psychology, could lead to better complex trait prediction. This review elucidates the significance of clear biological pathways in understanding behaviour traits. Specifically, it highlights the essential role of genes related to hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters as robust core genes in shaping these traits. Significant variations in core genes are prominently observed in behaviour traits such as stress response, impulsivity, and substance use.

Automated summary

A large number of genome variants are associated with complex traits, and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are widely used to calculate an individual's prognosis for such traits. However, the practical implementation of this method for complex traits is still limited, mainly due to statistical noise and small effect sizes. Simplifying the calculation by using core genes from an omnigenic model may reduce accuracy but could enhance usability. Integrating genome data with datasets from various disciplines could improve the prediction of complex traits. This review emphasizes the importance of clear biological pathways in understanding behavior traits, particularly the role of genes related to hormones, enzymes, and neurotransmitters as robust core genes. Significant variations in these core genes are observed in behavior traits such as stress response, impulsivity, and substance use.