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Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Baris Ata et al.
Summary: This article summarizes the impact of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 on human fertility and assisted reproduction, as well as the influence of vaccination. It provides answers to relevant questions for individuals considering pregnancy and healthcare professionals. The findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can affect spermatogenesis and menstrual patterns, but has minimal impact on ovarian function and embryo development. COVID-19 infection and vaccination do not negatively affect reproductive outcomes.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Hannah E. Davis et al.
Summary: Long COVID is a common and debilitating illness that affects at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, with a wide range of symptoms and impacts on multiple organ systems. There are an estimated 65 million individuals worldwide with long COVID, and the number of cases is increasing daily. Current diagnostic and treatment options are insufficient, and there is a need for clinical trials to address leading hypotheses. Future research should account for biases and testing issues, build on viral-onset research, include marginalized populations, and meaningfully engage patients.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Levente Zsichla et al.
Summary: The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 can vary greatly, and understanding the risk factors is important at both clinical and epidemiological levels. This article provides a comprehensive overview of host, viral, and environmental factors associated with severe disease outcomes. These factors include age, genetic factors, sex, comorbidities, immune history, microbiota, lifestyle, viral genetic variation, infecting dose, socioeconomic factors, and air pollution. The article summarizes the evidence for the association of each factor with COVID-19 outcomes and discusses possible mechanisms.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zuomin Wang et al.
Frontiers in Genetics
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Paoli et al.
Summary: This study investigates the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male reproductive health and finds that the virus does not cause direct damage to testicular function, but rather temporary indirect damage.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Stefanos A. Giannakopoulos et al.
Summary: Severe COVID-19 can cause testicular inflammation, reduced testosterone, and germ cell depletion. The ACE2 receptor is expressed in testicular cells, but the mechanisms of testicular injury from SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully understood. This study found that SARS-CoV-2 does not infect testicular cells directly, but exposure to inflammatory mediators from infected cells and COVID-19 plasma can decrease cell viability and cause the death of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Additionally, the SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein induces an inflammatory response and cytotoxic effects in testicular cells. These findings provide insights into testicular injury mechanisms and the clinical manifestation of testicular symptoms in severe COVID-19.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
P. Dai et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant impacts on global public health, with over 6 million deaths. Male patients had higher complication rates and mortality rates 77% higher than those of female patients. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the male reproductive tract and its association with testosterone levels has raised concerns about its effects on male fertility.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tarique Hussain et al.
Summary: Male infertility is a global issue with oxidative stress being the main contributing factor, affecting sperm quality and quantity. Dysfunction of mitochondria and inflammation also play important roles in compromised fertility. The interaction between oxidative stress and seminal plasma proteomes further influences male infertility. Understanding these factors can help improve strategies to prevent male infertility.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Andrology
Bang-Wei Che et al.
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies and found that mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 has a significant impact on semen quality, including decreased sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility, total sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology. However, there is no significant change in sex-related hormone levels in mild/asymptomatic patients. It is recommended to avoid pregnancy during this period.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Gilbert G. G. Donders et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the contagiousness of sperm and its impact on fertility after COVID-19 infection. A prospective cohort study was conducted on Belgian men who had recovered from the infection. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the semen of the participants. However, a decrease in sperm motility was observed in a significant percentage of men shortly after COVID-19 infection. The study also found that sperm quality might be compromised after COVID-19 infection, but further follow-up studies are needed to confirm the recovery time and the possibility of permanent damage.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Article
Andrology
Simone Morselli et al.
Summary: The study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have a detrimental impact on male reproductive function and semen quality, especially in patients with higher levels of inflammatory markers early in the infection. Specific cytokines were found to be negatively correlated with sperm count, concentration, and motility, indicating a potential harmful effect of SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammation on spermatogenesis. Men recovering from COVID-19 should receive accurate follow-up for their fertility status.
Article
Andrology
Parviz Gharagozloo et al.
Summary: A unique opportunity to study the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive function was presented by analyzing semen quality in a male subject before, during, and after infection. The results showed that a moderate COVID-19 infection led to a temporary state of azoospermia in the subject, which quickly reversed as the infection waned. This suggests that even a moderate case of COVID-19 can have significant effects on male fertility and sperm quality.
TRANSLATIONAL ANDROLOGY AND UROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Daniel E. Nassau et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has disproportionately affected men, with androgens potentially playing a role in more severe disease. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the specific mechanisms by which COVID-19 impacts male reproductive organs and the long-term consequences on male reproductive health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniela Andrea Paira et al.
Summary: The study suggests that inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-1β can individually impair human sperm motility and decrease viability, leading to increased apoptosis. On the other hand, IL-8 does not have a significant impact on sperm.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Serin Seckin et al.
Summary: This case report highlights a case of transient asthenozoospermia following a moderately severe COVID-19 infection, emphasizing the importance of considering COVID-19 as a potential cause of temporary sperm motility issues in male infertility cases.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
G. Corona et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the andrological consequences of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and finds that the disease may result in short-term impairment of sperm and testosterone production. However, the long-term effects are still unclear. It is recommended to monitor sperm and testosterone abnormalities in recovered patients.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giuseppe Maglietta et al.
Summary: This study investigates the association between factors present during COVID-19 hospitalization and long-term sequelae. The findings suggest that female sex and acute disease severity may serve as independent prognostic factors. Further longitudinal studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results and develop targeted prevention and management strategies for individuals at higher risk for PCS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Andrology
Bintao Hu et al.
Summary: In the later stages of the pandemic, sperm quality of COVID-19 recovered patients improved, while the total sperm number started to improve after about 150 days. Close monitoring during the recovery period and providing medical interventions if necessary may help enhance fertility in male patients as soon as possible.
TRANSLATIONAL ANDROLOGY AND UROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Yuanzhi Xie et al.
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on the male reproductive system. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection negatively influenced various sperm parameters and may have a short-term impact on male fertility potential.
JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Tiince Aksak et al.
Summary: This study investigated changes in sperm quality in men who had recovered and never had COVID-19. The results showed that men with COVID-19 had decreased sperm concentrations, suggesting a potential negative effect of COVID-19 on male fertility. However, further comprehensive studies with a larger sample size are needed to better understand the changes in sperm concentration.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aranka V Ballering et al.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Justin T. Reese et al.
Article
Andrology
Kasim Ertas et al.
Summary: This study investigated the testicular functions and sperm analysis of male patients with COVID-19. The results showed that compared to healthy individuals, COVID-19 patients had lower sperm count and motility, decreased testicular dimensions, and significantly higher shear wave velocities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasiia D. Shcherbitskaia et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection has a negative impact on semen characteristics and impairs various biochemical processes, leading to male fertility decline. This study investigates the role of oxidative stress in the consequences of coronavirus infection and suggests that the decline in semen quality and increase in DNA fragmentation after COVID-19 may be caused by an imbalance in semen pro- and antioxidant components.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Diogo Edele dos Santos et al.
Summary: A recent study found that COVID-19 affects both semen parameters and sexual hormones. However, there were inconsistencies in the methods used in the study, which may have impacted the results.
MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kathrine Tufvesson et al.
Summary: This review examines the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility and finds that it can affect semen parameters, but the impact tends to reverse within 3-4 months. The reasons for this impact are still unclear. Clinicians should consider recent SARS-CoV-2 infection as a possible cause for decreased semen quality in patients and may need to collect new samples after 4 months for further treatment.
HEALTH SCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Andrology
Mustafa Zafer Temiz et al.
Summary: This study investigated the potential presence of SARS-CoV-2 in male semen samples of COVID-19 patients and compared semen parameters and hormone levels before and after treatment. The results showed that there was no viral presence in the semen samples, but significant differences were observed in sperm morphology and serum hormone levels among the groups. Overall, COVID-19 and its treatment did not have a specific deteriorative effect on male sexual health in the short term, although abnormalities in physiological indicators were noted.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Darshan P. Patel et al.
Summary: Many couples initially delayed fertility care due to COVID-19 concerns, but later resumed services despite uncertainties related to male reproductive health. Ongoing research on COVID-19 and male sexual and reproductive health has limited definitive evidence, making it challenging for patients and physicians to provide the best clinical care.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rosario Pivonello et al.
Summary: There is a notable sex disparity in the severity and outcomes of COVID-19 patients, likely due to differences in immune response, inflammation levels, and thrombotic risks between genders. Women tend to have a more effective immune response and less systemic inflammation during COVID-19, resulting in milder clinical symptoms and lower predisposition to thromboembolism compared to men. This information suggests potential novel therapeutic approaches utilizing hormonal or antihormonal therapy in combination with antiviral drugs for COVID-19 patients, with the aim of improving outcomes based on gender-specific physiological mechanisms.
NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jing Qi et al.
Summary: Research highlights that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may invade multiple organs besides the lungs, with gall bladder and fallopian tube being identified as vulnerable to infection. Organs such as the nose, heart, small intestine, large intestine, esophagus, brain, testis, and kidney are also at high risk, categorizing the respiratory system, digestive system, and urinary system as top-risk areas for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Andrology
Yajun Ruan et al.
Summary: This study investigated the urogenital involvement in recovered male COVID-19 patients and found no direct urogenital involvement, but a slight decline in semen quality. Hormonal profiles remained normal. Patients with longer recovery time had lower total sperm count. Further research and follow-up on reproductive function are recommended in the following months.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
M. Gacci et al.
Summary: A prospective study on 43 sexually active men who recovered from SARS-CoV2 revealed that 25% of the men had oligo-crypto-azoospermia. Pathological levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in semen were found in 76.7% of the patients. Findings suggest a significant relationship between oligo-crypto-azoospermia and the severity of COVID-19.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Behzad Hajizadeh Maleki et al.
Summary: The study suggests that COVID-19 infection can negatively impact the male reproductive system, leading to changes in seminal biomarkers and significant impairments in sperm quality. These effects may persist over time and be associated with serious reproductive problems.
Article
Andrology
Andrea Salonia et al.
Summary: This study revealed that male patients with COVID-19 had lower levels of androgens, particularly testosterone, upon hospital admission, indicating a high prevalence of hypogonadism. Furthermore, the research showed an independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased testosterone levels, as well as a higher risk of hypogonadism. Lower testosterone levels were also linked to increased risk of ICU admission and death outcomes.
Review
Andrology
Edson Borges Jr et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about its impact on male reproduction, but the lack of co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the testis may reduce the risk of viral entry into sperm cells. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects.
Article
Andrology
Guven Erbay et al.
Summary: This study investigated the short-term effects of COVID-19 on spermatogenesis and found that it negatively affects sperm parameters, especially in the moderate symptomatic group where a significant decrease in all semen parameters was observed.
Review
Physiology
Jia Xu et al.
Summary: The infection of SARS-CoV-2 may impair male reproductive function, affecting testicular health and sperm development, leading to male infertility.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Paoli et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates that RT-PCR for testing SARS-CoV-2 RNA in seminal fluid may be a feasible molecular diagnostic method, supported by results of the control experiment with viral preparations. This is crucial for reproductive medicine, especially in assisted reproductive technology and sperm cryopreservation.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Andrology
Yasar Pazir et al.
Summary: In this prospective study, researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infection had a significant impact on semen parameters in men who had recently recovered from mild COVID-19, especially leading to a decrease in sperm motility and total motile sperm count.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
F. Vilella et al.
Summary: Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing in 73,181 human endometrial cells from 27 donors shows low expression of ACE2 in stromal or unciliated epithelial cells across the menstrual cycle, indicating a low risk of SARS-CoV-2 endometrial infection in healthy reproductive-age women.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Pankush Gupta et al.
Summary: This study found that men with mild COVID-19 or asymptomatic individuals do not shed the SARS-CoV-2 virus in their semen. Sexual contact is ruled out as a mode of transmission in this subset of the population.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Andrology
Tong-Hang Guo et al.
Summary: The study found that the novel coronavirus may have effects on male sperm parameters, including lower total sperm count, sperm concentration, and motile sperm, but morphology and sperm vitality are not affected. Over time, the sperm parameters of recovered patients improved.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Fatemeh Mohanazadeh Falahieh et al.
Summary: The study shows that the deleterious effects of COVID-19 on sperm properties caused by oxidative stress decrease up to Day 120 after diagnosis, with improvements in parameters like sperm motility and DNA integrity.
REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Erdem Koc et al.
Summary: COVID-19 may have unfavorable effects on the gonadal functions and semen parameters, leading to a decline in sperm quality and sex hormone levels in infertile men.
UROLOGIA INTERNATIONALIS
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Liao Chen et al.
Summary: This study provides US imaging evidence that SARS-CoV-2 may cause infection of the testis or epididymis, which should be noted by clinicians.
JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Andrology
Abdolreza Haghpanah et al.
Summary: The novel coronavirus, discovered in December 2019, has raised concerns about its potential impact on different organs, particularly the male reproductive system. Studies have shown that the testis is rich in ACE2, which could lead to male infertility. Current research is focused on understanding the short-term and long-term effects of the virus on the male reproductive system.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Markus Hoffmann et al.
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Obstetrics & Gynecology
Kate E. Stanley et al.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2020)
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Obstetrics & Gynecology
Nora Holtmann et al.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2020)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiewen Fu et al.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2020)
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Cell Biology
Zhengpin Wang et al.
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Immunology
Marziye Farsimadan et al.
JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tu Haitao et al.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Linda B. Baughn et al.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2020)
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Urology & Nephrology
Ming Yang et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS
(2020)
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Medicine, General & Internal
Honggang Li et al.
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Cell & Tissue Engineering
Henning Ulrich et al.
STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Bassel G. Bachir et al.
UROLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2014)
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Vanesa Anabella Guazzone et al.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
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