期刊
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
卷 14, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1228844
关键词
Thymus vulgaris; induced polyploidy; gene expression; thymol; carvacrol
Inducing polyploidy in Thymus vulgaris leads to larger vegetative and reproductive plant organs. The application of colchicine at a concentration of 0.3% on 4-leaf seedlings for 6 hours resulted in the highest survival rate and the highest number of tetraploid plants. Tetraploid plants exhibited significant morphological and physiological differences compared to diploid plants.
Induced polyploidy usually results in larger vegetative and reproductive plant organs. In order to study the effect of chromosome doubling on Thymus vulgaris, three levels of colchicine concentration including 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% (w/v) were applied for 6, 12 and 24 hours on apical meristem of 2- and 4-leaf seedlings. Ploidy level was evaluated by flow cytometry and microscopic chromosome counting. Chemical composition of essential oils extracted by hydro-distillation was analyzed by gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas Chromatography (GC). The application of 0.3% colchicine at 4-leaf seedling for 6 hours resulted in the highest survival rate and the highest number of tetraploid plants. Cytogenetic and flow cytometry analyses confirmed the increase of chromosome number from 2n=2x=30 in diploids to 2n=4x=60 in induced tetraploids. Tetraploid plants had larger leaves, taller and thicker stems, dense branching, longer trichome, larger stomata, larger guard cells, and decreased number of stomata. The number of chloroplasts and mitochondria increased significantly in tetraploid plants by 1.66 and 1.63 times, respectively. The expression of CYP71D178, CYP71D180 and CYP71D181 increased in tetraploids by 3.27, 7.39 and 2.15 times, respectively, probably resulting in higher essential oil compounds, as tetraploids outyielded the diploid plants by 64.7% in essential oil, 40.9% in thymol and 18.6% in carvacrol content.
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