ZnO Treatment on Mechanical Behavior of Polyethylene/Yellow Birch Fiber Composites When Exposed to Fungal Wood Rot

Wood plastic composite (WPC) usage and demand have increased because of its interesting chemical and mechanical properties compared to other plastic materials. However, there is a possibility of structural and mechanical changes to the material when exposed to the external environment; most research on wood plastic is performed on the material with elevated fiber content (40-70%). Therefore, more research needs to be performed regarding these issues, especially when the fiber content of the WPC is low. In this study, composite materials composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with yellow birch fibers (20 and 30%) were made by injection molding. The fibers were treated with dissolved zinc oxide (ZnO) powder in sodium oxide (NaOH) solution, and the fabricated material was exposed to fungal rot. ZnO treatment in this case is different from most studies because ZnO nanoparticles are usually employed. The main reason was to obtain better fixation of ZnO on the fibers. The mechanical properties of the composites were assessed by the tensile and Izod impact tests. The impact energies of the samples fabricated with ZnO-treated fibers and exposed to Gloephyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor decreased, when compared to samples fabricated with ZnO-nontreated fibers. The mechanical properties of the samples composed of ZnO-treated fibers and exposed to rot decreased, which were reported by a decreased Young's modulus and impact energies. The usage of ZnO treatment prevented mycelium proliferation, which was nonexistent on the samples. It has been noted that the decrease in mechanical properties of the treated samples was because of the action of NaOH used to dissolve the ZnO powder.

Automated summary

The usage and demand of wood plastic composite (WPC) have increased due to its unique chemical and mechanical properties compared to other plastic materials. However, exposure to the external environment can cause structural and mechanical changes to the material. More research is needed, especially when the fiber content is low. In this study, composite materials composed of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with yellow birch fibers were made and treated with dissolved zinc oxide (ZnO) powder in sodium oxide (NaOH) solution. The material was exposed to fungal rot, and the mechanical properties were assessed. The results showed that ZnO treatment prevented fungal growth but resulted in decreased mechanical properties.