Data-driven networking of global transcriptomics and male sexual development in the main malaria vector, Anopheles funestus

Deaths from malaria remain staggering despite global support that drives research into new territories. One major gap is our understanding of the sexual biological aspects of the male mosquito, which maintain the vector population solidity. Although Anopheles funestus s.s. is an extremely efficient African vector, little is known about the network between its sexual physiology and gene expression. The Culicidae male's sexual maturity involves a suite of physiological changes, such as genitalia rotation that is necessary for successful mating to occur. We show that mating success is guided by genes and physiological plasticity. Transcriptome analysis between newly emerged males (immature) versus males with rotating genitalia (maturing) provides insight into possible molecular mechanisms regulating male sexual behaviour. Putative transcripts that were associated with male sexual maturation were identified and validated. The discovery of the functions of these transcripts could lead to identifying potential targets for innovative vector control interventions, and mosquito population suppression.

Automated summary

Despite global support for malaria research, the number of deaths from malaria remains high. One major gap in our understanding is the sexual biology of male mosquitoes, which is crucial for maintaining the stability of mosquito populations. Through transcriptome analysis, we identified genes and physiological plasticity that guide mating success in male mosquitoes, providing potential targets for innovative vector control interventions and mosquito population suppression.