25(OH)D Concentration in Neonates, Infants, Toddlers, Older Children and Teenagers from Poland-Evaluation of Trends during Years 2014-2019

Introduction: Local and international guidelines have provided schedules for the vitamin D supplementation of general populations of different ages, including children. Our study aimed to assess 25(OH)D concentration and its potential change during a growth and maturation period, adding parameters that reflect the risk of hypercalcemia. Materials and methods: The available 25(OH)D concentration values (n = 17,636; 7.8 & PLUSMN; 6.0 years), calcium (n = 2673; 16.3 & PLUSMN; 6.1 years) and phosphate (n = 2830; 3.8 & PLUSMN; 5.2 years) metabolism markers were analyzed in a studied group of patients (0-18 years). Results: In the studied group the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 29.4 & PLUSMN; 11.7 ng/mL. Concentrations of 25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL were observed in 1.7% of patients (n = 292), 10-20 ng/mL in 17.2% (n = 3039), 20-30 ng/mL in 39.5% (n = 6960) and 30-50 ng/mL in 37.2% (n = 6567). In patients with a 25(OH)D concentration <10 ng/mL, normal calcemia (2.25-2.65 mmol/L) was observed in 29.5% of cases (n = 86). Three patients had 25(OH)D concentrations above 100 ng/mL with co-existing hypercalcemia; the mean was Ca = 3.40 mmol/L. Hypocalcemia (Ca < 2.25 mmol/L) was observed in 10,4% of patients (n = 2797). Furthermore, 5.0% of patients showed an increased calcium concentration >2.65 mmol/L (n = 1327). The highest mean 25(OH)D concentration of 32.1 ng/mL & PLUSMN; 12.9 was noted in the years 2018-2019 (n = 3931) and the lowest in the year 2015 (27.2 ng/mL & PLUSMN; 11.0; n = 2822). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was noted in 18,9% of subjects in the years 2014-2019. An effective prevention of vitamin D deficiency was observed in children aged 3 years and younger. A relationship between the concentrations of calcium and 25(OH)D was not observed.

Automated summary

This study aimed to assess the concentration of 25(OH)D and its potential changes during the growth and maturation period in children. The study found that 18.9% of the subjects had vitamin D deficiency from 2014 to 2019. Effective prevention of vitamin D deficiency was observed in children aged 3 years and younger. There was no relationship between the concentrations of 25(OH)D and calcium.