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Article
Environmental Sciences
Madhusmita Mishra et al.
Summary: Coal combustion releases fly ash waste containing radionuclides, which is a growing environmental concern. A study conducted in India found that major industries are emitting significant amounts of radionuclides through fly ash, potentially impacting millions of residents living nearby. The use of cleaner or green energy is recommended as the best alternative to mitigate this unseen health disaster.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Ewelina Grabias-Blicharz et al.
Summary: This review article focuses on the mechanochemistry of coal fly ash (CFA) and highlights the issue of fly ash from municipal solid waste (MSW). Fly ash is primarily used in the construction industry, chemical synthesis, and environmental engineering. However, the recycling rate for fly ash is low, and most of it ends up being landfilled. Mechanochemical processing of fly ash offers an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and efficient method for utilizing this abundant waste material.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Endong Miao et al.
Summary: The suitability of fly ash from a 600 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler for CO2 sequestration through a direct aqueous route was evaluated. The fly ash exhibited favorable carbon capture characteristics and a maximum CO2 sequestration capacity of 0.128 g CO2/g CFA with a carbonation efficiency of 78.17%. A modified shrinking core model was proposed to determine the gas-liquid-solid carbonation kinetics, considering gaseous CO2 dissolution and time-dependent diffusion. The model accurately represents the carbonation process and can be applied to other solid wastes.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jakub Mokrzycki et al.
Summary: Using hydrothermal synthesis, zeolite composite materials - zeolite + vermiculite (NaX-Ver) and zeolite + unburned carbon (NaX-C) were obtained from waste fly ash with low and high contents of unburned coal. The physicochemical characteristics of the materials were evaluated, and their potential application for ammonium ion adsorption was determined. The adsorption capacities of composite NaX-Ver and parent zeolite NaX-FA were comparable, while composite NaX-C had a lower adsorption capacity. The study highlights the utilization of waste and the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions in line with circular economy goals.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Katarzyna Zarębska et al.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tao Liu et al.
Summary: The in-situ formation of Mg-Al LDHs in MgO-NaAlO2-activated GGBS and BA blends is investigated. The results show that a higher MgO/NaAlO2 molar ratio promotes the formation of Mg-Al LDHs, improving the heavy-metal-ion binding capacity and compressive strength.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Y. Luo et al.
Summary: The role of calcium availability in alkaline-activated ladle slag/Class F fly ash geopolymerization was investigated in this study. It was found that the product layer wrapping around slag particles played a crucial role in determining the diffusion of calcium into the environment, resulting in the formation of two separated gels: C-(N)-A-(S)-H and N-(C)-A-S-H-type gels. A dense matrix consisting of geopolymer gel and Ca-enriched gel was achieved with 8% Na2O content, but increasing Ms intensified the incompatibility between the two gels, leading to microcrack formation and decreased mechanical strength. The competition between different reaction mechanisms of the two gels dominated the initial properties and thermal performance of the hybrid binder. A thermal degradation model of the hybrid geopolymer, co-existing geopolymeric gel and Ca-enriched gel, was proposed to explain the influence of gel compatibility on the thermal behavior of calcium incorporated geopolymer.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sitthisak Prasanphan et al.
Summary: Geopolymer commercialization efforts and unconventional research are crucial for the large-scale deployment of geopolymer technology. The compression process to produce geopolymers with low alkali activator content is a viable method to bring this technology to industry due to the improved strength and reduced efflorescence of the product.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenda Wu et al.
Summary: The physical and chemical properties of two different types of coal fly ash, produced through fluidized bed combustion (FBC), were evaluated and compared with that of conventional coal fly ash. The study found that FBC ash differed significantly in terms of chemical composition, crystalline phases, and carbon content compared to conventional coal fly ash. These differences may limit the potential use of FBC ash in alkali-activated binders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
K. M. Klima et al.
Summary: The addition of synthetic sodalite phase to Class F fly ash-based geopolymers significantly enhances high-temperature performance by inducing phase formation and reducing thermal shrinkage. The sodalite phases also lower the glass transition temperature and act as a skeletal reinforcement in the material.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
V. C. Prabha et al.
Summary: The experimental study showed that adding 20% dolomite powder and using 14 M NaOH concentration in HCFA GPM mix resulted in significantly higher compressive strength. Similarly, HCFA GPC with 20% dolomite powder demonstrated superior strength properties compared to control mix cement concrete.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samar Beaino et al.
Summary: This study focuses on the synthesis of a new thermal insulating geopolymer using alkaline activation of fly ashes. The addition of foaming agents can be avoided by using a high ratio of solution/ashes. Rice husks are incorporated into the formulation to increase porosity and ecological sustainability. The microstructural characteristics of the geopolymers were analyzed using various techniques, and thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated based on different solution/ashes ratios and rice husk contents.
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. B. Meshram et al.
Summary: India is the second-leading cement producer in the world after China, and efforts are being made to reduce the carbon footprint of cement production. The use of by-products to develop new binders like geopolymer cement has shown significant reductions in environmental impacts in the Indian context. Geopolymer cement appears more sustainable than traditional cement and has good potential as an alternate binder.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Musab Alhawat et al.
Summary: Geopolymers have been recognized as a viable and cleaner replacement for ordinary Portland cement, with the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and effectively recycle waste. This paper reviews the production and properties of geopolymer paste, mortar, and concrete, with a focus on incorporating construction and demolition waste (CDW) into geopolymers. The review assesses the use of CDWs in concrete, geopolymer mixture design, and factors influencing the performance of CDW-based geopolymers. It also presents the latest data on the mechanical and durability properties of CDW-based geopolymers and discusses the cost and environmental impacts of using recycled materials in geopolymer concrete production. Geopolymer concretes have a wide range of applications, but there are still obstacles to their commercialization in the construction industry.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Katarzyna Zarebska et al.
Summary: Nowadays, appropriate waste management, efficient use of natural resources, and implementing the concept of circular economy are highly concerning issues. The aim of the research was to synthesize geopolymers with insulating properties using waste from the energy sector. The study showed that the addition of perlite additive during the synthesis process positively affected the refractoriness of the materials.
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
K. M. Klima et al.
Summary: This review article provides a comprehensive summary of the recent research progress concerning high-temperature exposure and fire resistance of fly ash-based geopolymers. It discusses mix design, curing, and their effects on thermal and fire resistance, as well as the influence of different alkali sources. The role of minor elements in controlling melting temperature and phase formation during heating is examined. The evolution of material properties during high-temperature exposure and the importance of pore interconnectivity to avoid damage are also reviewed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Leong Sing Wong
Summary: Geopolymer concrete, produced through an eco-friendly process, has shown high durability and resistance to chemical aggressions, making it a viable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete in construction.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jie Chen et al.
Summary: This study proposes a novel carbonation treatment method for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA), which can effectively solidify heavy metals and sequester CO2. The optimal treatment parameters were determined through orthogonal tests, and the method showed great potential for reducing leaching concentrations and increasing solidification efficiency.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Mingxin Zhu et al.
Summary: This study investigates the solidification of heavy metals in fly ash using alkali-activated mineral slag gel, and explores its significance in promoting the harmless treatment of fly ash. The optimal solidification conditions for fly ash from a grate incinerator are determined, and the stability of synthesized calcium chloroaluminate is examined. The results show that calcium chloroaluminate can effectively solidify lead in a strongly alkaline environment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Quanzhi Tian et al.
Summary: This review comprehensively summarizes the application of geopolymer-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) technology in the treatment of hazardous pollutants. The S/S mechanisms of typical cationic heavy metals are discussed, while the immobilization ability of geopolymer on anionic pollutants is poor due to the repulsive effect. Furthermore, the use of geopolymer-based composites as adsorbents for removing hazardous pollutants from aqueous conditions is briefly discussed.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jakub Mokrzycki et al.
Summary: Removal of phosphate ions from aqueous environment is a global concern. Zeolite NaX derived from fly ash was modified by ion exchange and impregnation to improve its adsorption capacity. The results showed that ion exchange significantly improved the adsorption capacity of zeolite X, while impregnated zeolites also exhibited good adsorption performance.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Le Han et al.
Summary: In this study, a green route using zeolite X accreted with coal fly ash based geopolymer foam materials (FGX) was proposed for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. The FGX material exhibited low bulk density and high compressive strength, and had multi-gradient pores and multi-crack distributions, which improved the mass transfer coefficient and allowed for packed bed CO2 adsorption. The maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of FGX for CO2 was found to be 7.91 mmol/g.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huabing Zhang et al.
Summary: In this study, a cost-effective adsorbent with high sorption capacity and renewability was successfully prepared for the removal of toxic methylene blue from wastewater. The adsorbent exhibited hierarchically micro-mesoporous structure and high surface area, leading to superior adsorption performance. It showed high sorption capacity, rapid sorption rate, and good cyclic stability. Furthermore, the adsorbent maintained excellent adsorption performance over a wide range of pH values, making it suitable for wastewater treatment.
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Aamar Danish et al.
Summary: The increasing demand for cement-based products, particularly concrete, due to rapid urbanization, industrialization, and economic expansion, has resulted in high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. This has led researchers to explore environmentally sustainable alternatives, such as geopolymer concrete (GPC). Commercializing GPC has proven to be a challenge, attributed to inconsistent material performance, complexity in the cement industry, and conflicting economic and environmental factors. This article presents a review on the need for GPC, its sustainability benefits, and the challenges and strategies for commercialization.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zixing Liu et al.
Summary: This study examines the detoxification mechanism of chlorine in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) and found that CaClOH is a crucial factor in chlorine removal. Water washing and high-temperature treatment can effectively remove CaClOH, and CaClOH exhibits good thermal stability even at 1300 degrees C. The synergistic treatment of IFA with siliceous/aluminous materials can reduce the risk from soluble chlorine.
ACS ES&T ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jakub Mokrzycki et al.
Summary: Zeolite X derived from fly ash was modified with Cu(NO3)2 center dot 3 H2O solutions of various initial concentrations, and the obtained zeolites showed improved adsorption capacity for phosphate ions in aqueous solutions, with the optimum modification using 0.05 M Cu(NO3)2 center dot 3 H2O solution and a temperature of 25 degrees C for adsorption.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jun Liu et al.
Summary: The application of alkali-activation technology to prepare alkali-activated MSWIFA material holds potential to immobilize heavy metals and enhance its pozzolanic property for manufacturing building material. Adding metakaolin in AAFA significantly improves compressive strength, with the addition of sodium silicate increasing strength further. AAFA and AAFM successfully suppress leaching behaviors of certain metals to meet Chinese standards.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Cristina Marieta et al.
Summary: The study aims to explore the feasibility of using municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash as raw material for sintering belite cements. Results show that MSWI fly ashes have suitable composition, but proper pre-treatment is required to eliminate chloride and heavy metal traces, and to enhance pozzolanic activity. Additionally, the addition of vitreous silica in proper proportions is necessary.
Article
Crystallography
Kwon Rausis et al.
Summary: The research explores the carbonation of high-CaO fly ash using simulated flue gas and concentrated CO2, revealing higher efficiency with pure CO2 and significant variations in efficiency based on the CO2 concentration in the gas. The experiments resulted in a substantial reduction in free lime content, meeting European Standards for utilization in cement as additives.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pawel Baran et al.
Summary: The study found that adding perlite during the synthesis of geopolymers can control material elasticity and improve thermal insulation properties, while reducing compressive strength.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hui Lin et al.
Summary: The reaction mechanism of phosphoric activated metakaolin was studied by controlling curing temperature and phosphoric acid concentration, resulting in silico-aluminate phosphate samples with high compressive strength. Intermediate products such as P-O-P units were observed during the reaction process, leading to the formation of Al-O-P structure in the final products.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Weizao Liu et al.
Summary: This paper reviews the development of CO2 mineral carbonation technologies using industrial solid waste as feedstock and identifies energy and cost consumption concerns as limitations for scale-up applications. Further research on process parameter optimization and equipment design is needed to address these limitations and improve the feasibility for industrial applications. Recovery of high-value products during the carbonation process is highlighted as a potential solution to improve the economic viability of the process. Additionally, suggestions for future research directions include evaluating CO2 net emission reduction through life cycle assessment and developing new energy-saving approaches.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Souradeep Gupta et al.
Summary: The combination of biochar and fly ash shows potential in improving carbon sequestration and mineralization in cement mortar, enhancing strength and reducing water absorption. Biochar addition contributes to higher carbon sequestration, improved strength, and reduced capillary water absorption in mortar, but caution is needed due to its impact on drying shrinkage.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Francesco Colangelo et al.
Summary: The aim of this research is to evaluate the possibility of using an eco-sustainable geopolymer binder and develop innovative technologies for water systems management. A detailed environmental assessment comparison of unreinforced and reinforced geopolymer prototypes has been conducted using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The results show that geopolymers have advantages as an effective alternative to traditional binders in industrial environments and hydraulic engineering.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sylvain Tome et al.
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yaguang Wang et al.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2020)
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(2020)
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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2020)
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Hailong Ye et al.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nur Ain Jaya et al.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2020)
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CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hasna Hamdane et al.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
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(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
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Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2020)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dorota Czarna-Juszkiewicz et al.
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(2019)
Article
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JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2019)
Review
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JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
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Review
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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2016)
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(2016)
Article
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Chanchal Verma et al.
COGENT ENGINEERING
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CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2014)
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MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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