Lithium Iron Phosphate and Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode for Power Batteries: Attenuation Mechanisms and Modification Strategies

In the past decade, in the context of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality era, the rapid development of new energy vehicles has led to higher requirements for the performance of strike forces such as battery cycle life, energy density, and cost. Lithium-ion batteries have gradually become mainstream in electric vehicle power batteries due to their excellent energy density, rate performance, and cycle life. At present, the most widely used cathode materials for power batteries are lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and LixNiyMnzCo1-y-zO2 cathodes (NCM). However, these materials exhibit bottlenecks that limit the improvement and promotion of power battery performance. In this review, the performance characteristics, cycle life attenuation mechanism (including structural damage, gas generation, and active lithium loss, etc.), and improvement methods (including surface coating and element-doping modification) of LFP and NCM batteries are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects of this field are proposed.

Automated summary

In the past decade, the development of new energy vehicles has posed higher demands on battery performance such as cycle life, energy density, and cost. Lithium-ion batteries have become the mainstream choice for electric vehicle power batteries due to their excellent energy density, rate performance, and cycle life. However, the widely used cathode materials, namely lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and LixNiyMnzCo1-y-zO2 cathodes (NCM), have limitations that hinder the improvement and promotion of power battery performance. This review examines the performance characteristics, cycle life attenuation mechanisms, and improvement methods of LFP and NCM batteries, and proposes the future development prospects in this field.