期刊
MYCOLOGIA
卷 108, 期 5, 页码 1028-1046出版社
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.3852/16-042
关键词
Entomophthoromycotina; fungi; Glomeromycotina; Kickellomycotina; Mortierellomycotina; Mucoromycota; Mucoromycotina; paraphyly; systematics; Zoopagomycota Zoopagomycotina
类别
资金
- National Science Foundation [DEB-1441604, DEB-1441715, DEB-1441677, DEB-1441728]
- French National Research Agency through the Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE [ANR-11-LBX-0002-01]
- Canadian National Science and Engineering Research Council [412318-11, 138427-11]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1441715, 1441604] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Zygomycete fungi were classified as a single phylum, Zygomycota, based on sexual reproduction by zygospores, frequent asexual reproduction by sporangia, absence of multicellular sporocarps, and production of coenocytic hyphae, all with some exceptions. Molecular phylogenies based on one or a few genes did not support the monophyly of the phylum, however, and the phylum was subsequently abandoned. Here we present phylogenetic analyses of a genome-scale data set for 46 taxa, including 25 zygomycetes and 192 proteins, and we demonstrate that zygomycetes comprise two major clades that faini a paraphyletic grade. A formal phylogenetic classification is proposed herein and includes two phyla, six subphyla, four classes and 16 orders. On the basis of these results, the phyla Mucoromycota and Zoopagomycota are circumscribed. Zoopagomycota comprises Entomophtoromycotina, Kickxellomycotina and Zoopagomycotina; it constitutes the earliest diverging lineage of zygomycetes and contains species that are primarily parasites and pathogens of small animals (e.g. amoeba, insects, etc.) and other fungi, i.e. mycoparasites. Mucoromycota comprises Glomeromycotina, Mortierellomycotina, and Mucoromycotina and is sister to Dikarya. It is the more derived Glade of zygomycetes and mainly consists of mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and decomposers of plant material. Evolution of trophic modes, morphology, and analysis of genome-scale data are discussed.
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