Reprogramming of the transcriptome after heat stress mediates heat hormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Xu and colleagues report that the poly-U-specific endoribonuclease ENDU-2/ENDOU activates a transcriptional reprogramming after a brief heat shock and this has a long-term beneficial effect in the model organism C. elegans. Transient stress experiences not only trigger acute stress responses, but can also have long-lasting effects on cellular functions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a brief exposure to heat shock during early adulthood extends lifespan and improves stress resistance, a phenomenon known as heat hormesis. Here, we investigated the prolonged effect of hormetic heat stress on the transcriptome of worms and found that the canonical heat shock response is followed by a profound transcriptional reprogramming in the post-stress period. This reprogramming relies on the endoribonuclease ENDU-2 but not the heat shock factor 1. ENDU-2 co-localizes with chromatin and interacts with RNA polymerase II, enabling specific regulation of transcription after the stress period. Failure to activate the post-stress response does not affect the resistance of animals to heat shock but eliminates the beneficial effects of hormetic heat stress. In summary, our work discovers that the RNA-binding protein ENDU-2 mediates the long-term impacts of transient heat stress via reprogramming transcriptome after stress exposure.

Automated summary

Xu and colleagues found that the endoribonuclease ENDU-2/ENDOU activates transcriptional reprogramming after brief heat shock, leading to long-term beneficial effects in C. elegans.