Trichoderma as a biological control agent: mechanisms of action, benefits for crops and development of formulations

Currently, the food and economic losses generated by the attack of phytopathogens on the agricultural sector constitute a severe problem. Conventional crop protection techniques based on the application of synthetic pesticides to combat these undesirable microorganisms have also begun to represent an inconvenience since the excessive use of these substances is associated with contamination problems and severe damage to the health of farmers, consumers, and communities surrounding the fields, as well as the generation of resistance by the phytopathogens to be combated. Using biocontrol agents such as Trichoderma to mitigate the attack of phytopathogens represents an alternative to synthetic pesticides, safe for health and the environment. This work explains the mechanisms of action through which Trichoderma exerts biological control, some of the beneficial aspects that it confers to the development of crops through its symbiotic interaction with plants, and the bioremedial effects that it presents in fields contaminated by synthetic pesticides. Also, detail the production of spore-based biopesticides through fermentation processes and formulation development. [GRAPHICS] .

Automated summary

Currently, the agricultural sector is facing severe problems due to the food and economic losses caused by the attack of phytopathogens. Conventional crop protection techniques using synthetic pesticides have become inconvenient due to their negative effects on health, environment, and the development of resistance. Using biocontrol agents like Trichoderma provides a safe alternative to synthetic pesticides and offers beneficial aspects to crop development and bioremedial effects in pesticide-contaminated fields. This article also explains the production of spore-based biopesticides through fermentation processes and formulation development.