4.6 Review

Serum resistin and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients

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Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. The burden of NAFLD-related HCC is exponentially increasing due to the obesity pandemic. Cirrhosis is a major risk factor for NAFLD-related HCC, but it is increasingly recognized that patients without cirrhosis can also develop NAFLD-related HCC, posing a significant challenge for cancer surveillance. Therefore, developing optimal risk stratification scores and models to identify high-risk populations for surveillance is of paramount importance.

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CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR HEPATOLOGY (2023)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence is decreasing in Korea but increasing in the very elderly

Young Eun Chon et al.

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Role of Transarterial Chemoembolization in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Recent evaluation about inflammatory mechanisms in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Yaning Shi et al.

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Joo Hyun Oh et al.

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Transarterial chemoembolization with PD-(L)1 inhibitors plus molecular targeted therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (CHANCE001)

Hai-Dong Zhu et al.

Summary: There is significant potential for combining transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), programmed death-(ligand)1 (PD-[L]1) inhibitors, and molecular targeted treatments (MTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A nationwide retrospective cohort study found that TACE plus PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT could significantly improve progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and objective response rate (ORR) compared to TACE monotherapy in Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice.

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Hyperglycaemia-induced human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation through ROS-mediated P38 activation is effectively inhibited by a xanthophyll carotenoid, lutein

Tehreem Maradagi et al.

Summary: The study found that lutein can significantly block glucose-promoted HepG2 cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis. Lutein inhibits high glucose-induced proliferation by suppressing elevated ROS levels and upregulated expression of HO1, as well as modulating the phosphorylation of key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation.

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Dose-Response Associations of Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance Index with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among a Nonobese Chinese Population: Retrospective Evidence from a Population-Based Cohort Study

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Adipose tissue insulin resistance and lipidome alterations as the characterizing factors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Sara Guerra et al.

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form NASH are common complications in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Understanding the pathogenesis and factors influencing the development of fatty liver disease can help in early identification and prevention of these serious conditions.

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Effect of diabetes medications and glycemic control on risk of hepatocellular cancer in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Jennifer R. Kramer et al.

Summary: Patients with NAFLD and diabetes have a high risk of developing HCC. The study found that the use of metformin was associated with a reduced risk of developing HCC, while combination therapy was associated with an increased risk. Glycemic control can be a useful biomarker for stratifying HCC risk in these patients.

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Hepatitis B virus integrations promote local and distant oncogenic driver alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma

Camille Peneau et al.

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Maria Alejandra Luna-Cuadros et al.

Summary: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the introduction of direct-acting antivirals has revolutionized HCV therapy. Successful treatment greatly reduces the risk of HCC, but certain patients, especially those with cirrhosis, remain at risk even after achieving sustained virologic response (SVR). Noninvasive modalities and various fibrosis scores may be used to monitor hepatic fibrosis and predict the risk of HCC in patients with SVR, but further validation and standardization are needed before implementing them in routine clinical care.

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Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for HCC in patients with liver disease, and the choice of diabetic medication in these patients can have complex implications for potential hepatic carcinogenesis. Metformin may reduce the risk of HCC, while evidence for other diabetic medications, especially newer agents, is limited and inconsistent. Further research is needed to understand the potential effects of different diabetic agents on liver cancer tumorigenesis.

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Maria Reig et al.

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Darren Jun Hao Tan et al.

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Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung et al.

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Ankita Deb et al.

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Tingting Shi et al.

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Tsung-Che Wu et al.

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