Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an oral inactivated ETEC vaccine (ETVAX®) with dmLT adjuvant in healthy adults and children in Zambia: An age descending randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Safety and immunogenicity of ETVAX®, an oral inactivated vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial amongst Finnish travellers to Benin, West Africa

Anu Kantele et al.

Summary: This Phase 2b trial evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of ETVAX(R) vaccine and found it to be safe and highly immunogenic, supporting further development of this vaccine.

JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Immunology

Induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses against the common O78 antigen of an oral inactivated ETEC vaccine in Bangladeshi children and infants

Ann-Mari Svennerholm et al.

Summary: We tested an oral enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine, ETVAX, consisting of inactivated E. coli overexpressing the most prevalent ETEC colonization factors (CFs) and a toxoid (LCTBA), in Bangladeshi children for capacity to induce mucosal and plasma immune responses against O78 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) expressed on the vaccine strains. The vaccine was given +/- double-mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) adjuvant. Our findings show that ETVAX induced mucosal and systemic immune responses against O78 LPS in all age groups and that dmLT improved intestinal immune responses among infants.

VACCINE (2022)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Characterization of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli with special reference to antimicrobial resistance isolated from hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata (2012-2019), India

Debjani Ghosh et al.

Summary: This study examines the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of major diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathogens in hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India. The findings reveal a high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among DEC, which poses a significant public health threat. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance due to the high resistance of DEC isolates to commonly used antimicrobials in diarrhoea treatment.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Diarrhoeagenic E. coli occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases isolated from diarrhoea patients attending health facilities in Accra, Ghana

Helena Dela et al.

Summary: This study determined the presence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) and their antimicrobial resistance patterns among diarrhoea patients in two healthcare facilities in Ghana. The findings showed that the high prevalence of ESBL-PE strains among stool isolates limits the treatment options for diarrhoeal patients, highlighting the importance of routine laboratory testing and strengthened surveillance systems in healthcare facilities.

PLOS ONE (2022)

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Article Immunology

World Health Organization Expert Working Group: Recommendations for assessing morbidity associated with enteric pathogens

Mateusz Hasso-Agopsowicz et al.

Summary: This article discusses the assessment and communication of the long-term morbidity impact of vaccines against enteric pathogens, and calls for a comprehensive evaluation of their value when investing in vaccine development and deployment. By analyzing historical data and conducting systematic reviews, it aims to enhance the understanding of the long-term morbidity impact of enteric diseases.

VACCINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccines: Priority activities to enable product development, licensure, and global access

Ibrahim Khalil et al.

Summary: Diarrhoeal disease caused by ETEC poses a significant burden on children in low-and middle-income countries, with vaccination being a cost-effective and equitable means of prevention. However, further data and research are needed to support the development and use of ETEC vaccines.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

dmLT Adjuvant Enhances Cytokine Responses to T Cell Stimuli, Whole Cell Vaccine Antigens and Lipopolysaccharide in Both Adults and Infants

Marjahan Akhtar et al.

Summary: The use of novel adjuvants like dmLT to enhance mucosal immune responses in children and infants is a key goal in vaccine research. Studies show that dmLT can boost IL-17A production in T cells, enhancing the production of mucosal IgA antibodies. Differences in adjuvant mechanisms between infants and adults due to age-related immune system development need further investigation.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases