Multifaceted control of T cell differentiation by STIM1

In T cells, stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai are dispensable for conventional T cell development, but critical for activation and differentiation. This review focuses on novel STIM-dependent mechanisms for control of Cat+ signals during T cell activation and its impact on mitochondrial function and transcriptional activation for control of T cell differentiation and function. We highlight areas that require further work including the roles of plasma membrane Cat+ ATPase (PMCA) and partner of STIM1 (POST) in controlling Orai function. A major knowledge gap also exists regarding the independence of T cell development from STIM and Orai, despite compelling evidence that it requires Cat+ signals. Resolving these and other outstanding questions ensures that the field will remain active for many years to come.

Automated summary

This review focuses on the novel mechanisms through which STIM controls Ca2+ signals in T cell activation, and its impact on mitochondrial function and transcriptional activation for T cell differentiation and function. It also highlights areas that require further research, including the roles of PMCA and POST in controlling Orai function, and the independence of T cell development from STIM and Orai. Resolving these issues will contribute to the advancement of this field.