期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 461, 期 3, 页码 3111-3134出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw1234
关键词
surveys; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: fundamental parameters; galaxies: ISM
资金
- United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
- DIULS [PR15143]
- World Premier International Research Centre Initiative (WPI Initiative), MEXT, Japan
- JSPS KAKENHI [15K17603]
- Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- US Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Japanese Monbukagakusho
- Max Planck Society
- Higher Education Funding Council for England
- US Department of Energy Office of Science
- Centre for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah
- American Museum of Natural History
- Astrophysical Institute Potsdam
- University of Basel
- University of Cambridge
- Case Western Reserve University
- University of Chicago
- Drexel University
- Fermilab
- Institute for Advanced Study
- Japan Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Korean Scientist Group
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMOST)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching)
- New Mexico State University
- Ohio State University
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- United States Naval Observatory
- University of Washington
- Brazilian Participation Group
- Carnegie Institution for Science
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Chilean Participation Group
- French Participation Group
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
- National Astronomical Observatory of China
- New York University
- University of Notre Dame
- Observatario Nacional/MCTI
- Pennsylvania State University
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
- United Kingdom Participation Group
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
- University of Arizona
- University of Colorado Boulder
- University of Oxford
- University of Utah
- University of Virginia
- University of Wisconsin
- Vanderbilt University
- Yale University
- [NSF/AST-1517006]
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1517006] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/N000668/1, ST/K00090X/1, ST/M001172/1, 1363788] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/M001172/1, ST/K00090X/1, ST/N000668/1, ST/M001156/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15K17603] Funding Source: KAKEN
We study the spatially resolved excitation properties of the ionized gas in a sample of 646 galaxies using integral field spectroscopy data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) programme. Making use of Baldwin-Philips-Terlevich diagnostic diagrams we demonstrate the ubiquitous presence of extended (kpc scale) low-ionization emission-line regions (LIERs) in both star-forming and quiescent galaxies. In star-forming galaxies LIER emission can be associated with diffuse ionized gas, most evident as extraplanar emission in edge-on systems. In addition, we identify two main classes of galaxies displaying LIER emission: 'central LIER' (cLIER) galaxies, where central LIER emission is spatially extended, but accompanied by star formation at larger galactocentric distances, and 'extended LIER' (eLIER) galaxies, where LIER emission is extended throughout the whole galaxy. In eLIER and cLIER galaxies, LIER emission is associated with radially flat, low Ha equivalent width of line emission (<3 angstrom) and stellar population indices demonstrating the lack of young stellar populations, implying that line emission follows tightly the continuum due to the underlying old stellar population. The H alpha surface brightness radial profiles are always shallower than 1/r(2) and the line ratio [O III] lambda 5007/[O II]lambda lambda 3727,29 (a tracer of the ionization parameter of the gas) shows a flat gradient. This combined evidence strongly supports the scenario in which LIER emission is not due to a central point source but to diffuse stellar sources, the most likely candidates being hot, evolved (post-asymptotic giant branch) stars. Shocks are observed to play a significant role in the ionization of the gas only in rare merging and interacting systems.
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