期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 458, 期 2, 页码 1267-1288出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw347
关键词
methods: data analysis; pulsars: general
资金
- NSF [AST-1100968]
- Commonwealth Government
- STFC
- CNRS/INSU, France
- Region Centre
- NWO
- ERC [227947]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) PIRE program [0968296]
- NSF Physics Frontier Center [1430284]
- NASA Einstein Fellowship [PF3-140116]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NSFC [11403086, 11373011]
- West Light Foundation CAS [XBBS201322]
- International Max Planck Research School Bonn/Cologne
- Bonn-Cologne Graduate School
- Curtin Research Fellowship
- NSF PIRE programme [0968296]
- NASA through Einstein Fellowship [PF4-150120]
- Royal Society
- NSERC PDF
- NWO Vidi fellowship
- ERC Starting Grant 'DRAGNET' [337062]
- Australian Research Council [DP140102578]
- IMPRS Bonn/Cologne
- National Basic Research Program of China, 973 Program [2015CB857101]
- European Research Council [610058]
- Marie-Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the European Union Seventh Framework Programme
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- University Research Fellowship of the Royal Society
- Wisconsin Space Grant Consortium
- NSERC
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- JPL RTD programme
- National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [11503007]
- Australian Research Council
- NNSF of China [U1231120]
- FRFCU [XDJK2015B 012]
- Division Of Astronomical Sciences
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1313120] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1430284] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Integrative Activities
- Office Of The Director [1458952] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office Of The Director
- Office Of Internatl Science &Engineering [0968296] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/L000768/1, 1327108, ST/K000845/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/L000768/1, ST/K000845/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The highly stable spin of neutron stars can be exploited for a variety of (astro)physical investigations. In particular, arrays of pulsars with rotational periods of the order of milliseconds can be used to detect correlated signals such as those caused by gravitational waves. Three such 'pulsar timing arrays' (PTAs) have been set up around the world over the past decades and collectively form the 'International' PTA (IPTA). In this paper, we describe the first joint analysis of the data from the three regional PTAs, i.e. of the first IPTA data set. We describe the available PTA data, the approach presently followed for its combination and suggest improvements for future PTA research. Particular attention is paid to subtle details (such as underestimation of measurement uncertainty and long-period noise) that have often been ignored but which become important in this unprecedentedly large and inhomogeneous data set. We identify and describe in detail several factors that complicate IPTA research and provide recommendations for future pulsar timing efforts. The first IPTA data release presented here (and available online) is used to demonstrate the IPTA's potential of improving upon gravitational-wave limits placed by individual PTAs by a factor of similar to 2 and provides a 2 sigma limit on the dimensionless amplitude of a stochastic gravitational-wave background of 1.7 x 10(-15) at a frequency of 1 yr(-1). This is 1.7 times less constraining than the limit placed by Shannon et al., due mostly to the more recent, high-quality data they used.
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