Microbial community attributes supersede plant and soil parameters in predicting fungal necromass decomposition rates in a 12-tree species common garden experiment

Although dead fungal mycelium (necromass) represents a key component of biogeochemical cycling in all terrestrial ecosystems, how different ecological factors interact to control necromass decomposition rates remains poorly understood. This study assessed how edaphic parameters, plant traits, and soil microbial community structure predicted the mass loss rates of different fungal necromasses within experimental monocultures of 12 tree species in Minnesota, USA. Necromass decay rates were most strongly driven by initial chemical composition, being significantly slower for fungal necromass with higher initial melanin content. Of the extrinsic ecological factors measured, variation in the amount of mass remaining for both low and high melanin necromass types was significantly predicted by soil bacterial richness and fungal community composition, but not by any soil microclimatic parameters or plant traits. Further, the microbial communities governing decay rates varied depending on the initial necromass chemical composition, suggesting that extrinsic and intrinsic factors interacted to propel decomposition. Finally, we also found significant positive relationships between the amount of remaining fungal necromass and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Collectively, these results suggest that, after the initial chemical composition of dead fungal residues, soil microbial communities represent the main drivers of soil necromass degradation, with potentially large consequences for soil carbon sequestration and nutrient availability.

Automated summary

This study examined the decomposition rates of fungal necromasses in experimental monocultures of 12 tree species in Minnesota, USA. The results showed that the decomposition rates were primarily influenced by the initial chemical composition, with higher initial melanin content leading to slower decay. Soil bacterial richness and fungal community composition also played a significant role in predicting the remaining mass of necromasses. Additionally, there were positive relationships between the remaining fungal necromass and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, suggesting potential impacts on soil carbon sequestration and nutrient availability.