Metal Ion Coordination Improves Graphite Nitride Carbon Microwave Therapy in Antibacterial and Osteomdayelitis Treatment

The ability to effectively treat deep bacterial infections while promoting osteogenesis is the biggest treatment demand for diseases such as osteomyelitis. Microwave therapy is widely studied due to its remarkable ability to penetrate deep tissue. This paper focuses on the development of a microwave-responsive system, namely, a zinc ion (Zn2+) doped graphite carbon nitride (CN) system (BZCN), achieved through two high-temperature burning processes. By subjecting composite materials to microwave irradiation, an impressive 99.81% eradication of Staphylococcus aureus is observed within 15 min. Moreover, this treatment enhances the growth of bone marrow stromal cells. The Zn2+ doping effectively alters the electronic structure of CN, resulting in the generation of a substantial number of free electrons on the material's surface. Under microwave stimulation, sodium ions collide and ionize with the free electrons generated by BZCN, generating a large amount of energy, which reacts with water and oxygen, producing reactive oxygen species. In addition, Zn2+ doping improves the conductivity of CN and increases the number of unsaturated electrons. Under microwave irradiation, polar molecules undergo movement and generate frictional heat. Finally, the released Zn2+ promotes macrophages to polarize toward the M2 phenotype, which is beneficial for tibial repair.

Automated summary

This paper focuses on the development of a microwave-responsive system called zinc ion doped graphite carbon nitride (BZCN) that effectively treats deep bacterial infections and promotes bone growth. The BZCN material generates free electrons under microwave stimulation, which react with water and oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species. Additionally, Zn2+ doping improves the conductivity of the material and promotes macrophages to polarize towards the M2 phenotype, aiding in tibial repair.