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Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jiadong Liu et al.
Summary: In this study, organic p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) was used to recycle valuable Li and Co elements from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for battery raw material production. The recovery process was found to be efficient and environmentally friendly, making it of vital importance for proper treatment of spent LIBs.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Keyru Serbara Bejigo et al.
Summary: Environmentally friendly technology for recycling spent lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes was developed to explore the efficiency of regenerated electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The process involved lixiviation of LixCoO2 electrodes using tartaric acid and H2O2, conversion of graphite into graphene oxide (GO), and regeneration of cobalt oxide-supported reduced graphene oxide (Co3O4/rGO). The regenerated composite material exhibited good activity for ORR and MOR, indicating the potential utilization of end-of-life LIBs as high-performance electrocatalysts in energy conversion devices.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Md. Munjur Hasan et al.
Summary: The chemical ligand BSBAE was embedded indirectly on mesoporous silica to fabricate optical composite materials (OCM) for detecting and removing toxic cadmium (Cd(II)) ions from wastewater solutions. The OCM demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cd(II) ions in acidic pH conditions (pH 3.50) and showed distinguishable color changes upon the addition of trace levels of Cd(II) ions. Other metal ions did not significantly affect the performance of the OCM, which had a detection limit of 0.32 μg/L and a maximum adsorption capacity of 179.65 mg/g for Cd(II) ions. Cd(II) ions could be successfully desorbed from the saturated OCM using 0.25 M HCl, and the regenerated OCM maintained its selectivity and adsorption capacity. However, the adsorption efficiency slightly decreased after multiple cycles. Therefore, the OCM offers a cost-effective and viable alternative for detecting and removing toxic Cd(II) ions from wastewater.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Si-qi Jiang et al.
Summary: The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an important area of interest globally due to economic interests and environmental protection. This study proposes low-temperature heating with low-energy consumption to enhance dissociation efficiency. The ideal heating temperature was determined by examining the pyrolysis properties of electrode materials and binders. SEM-EDS analysis was performed on the surface morphology and element distribution of electrode material and fluid collection. Results show that 500 oC is the efficient low-temperature for dissociation.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lixiang Wu et al.
Summary: This study investigates the corrosion of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different electrolyte solutions in detail. The corrosion of batteries in traditional electrolyte solutions (NaCl, Na2SO4, NaOH, H2SO4) and the changes of ion content in electrolyte solutions during discharge were summarized. Additionally, a cleaner discharge method was proposed to solve the problem of battery corrosion during discharge. The experimental results show that the proposed method effectively inhibits battery corrosion, thereby providing a significant contribution to the safe and clean recycling of spent LIBs.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ren Tao et al.
Summary: This study investigates the kinetics of full-component pyrolysis of spent NCM LIBs using the isoconversional method, revealing the reaction processes and activation energy at different stages, providing guidance for the recycling of waste LIBs.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tannaz Naseri et al.
Summary: This study developed an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method using the spent culture medium from Penicillium citrinum cultivation to recycle and detoxify Mn and Li from spent lithium coin cells. It was found that the most suitable conditions for metal dissolution were 30 g/L of pulp density, a temperature of 40 degrees C, and 4 days of leaching time in spent molasses medium, resulting in a high extraction of 87% Mn and 100% Li.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fu Rao et al.
Summary: The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries has become a topic of interest due to its environmental and resource conservation benefits. Current methods of recovering valuable metals from these batteries involve the use of corrosive acids, however, this can pose environmental risks. This research proposes a green process that selectively recovers lithium from spent batteries without the use of chemical reagents by employing mechanochemistry induced phase transition.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xuehu Zhong et al.
Summary: A novel and feasible approach has been developed to directly regenerate LiFePO4 from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with a recovery rate of 91.57%. This method avoids the complex metal separation process and achieves environmentally and economically feasible recycling of spent LiFePO4.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Hou et al.
Summary: Developing green and high-efficient pyrometallurgy processes using the separator from spent LIBs to refine the spent cathode is important for resource sustainability and environmental protection.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Md. Shad Salman et al.
Summary: This study focuses on the use of chitosan-treated cotton composite material for the removal of toxic dyes in contaminated water. The results reveal that the chitosan-cotton composite has a high adsorption capacity and can efficiently remove dyes, achieving a decolorization effect.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Khadiza Tul Kubra et al.
Summary: The synthesis of the organic ligand EBMS and its immobilization onto mesoporous silica led to the successful fabrication of a composite adsorbent (FCA) for the separation, adsorption, and recovery of Tm(III) ions. The FCA displayed high kinetic performance and was unaffected by competing metal ions. The adsorption behavior of Tm(III) ions on FCA followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 168.57 mg/g. The FCA showed strong selectivity and potential for the effective separation and recovery of Tm(III) ions from waste samples.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Neng Wei et al.
Summary: This paper proposes an effective process for recovering Lithium, Nickle, Cobalt and Manganese from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using self-supplied reductant roasting and acid leaching. The waste membrane from spent LIBs is used as the reductant in the roasting process. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time and membrane dosage on the crystal structure and phase transformation of the roasting products are investigated and optimized.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaojian Liao et al.
Summary: A novel process combining gallic acid (GA) and mixed culture bioleaching (MCB) was designed to enhance the removal of metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The process achieved 98.03% Co and 98.02% Li leaching from spent LIBs, reducing the biotoxicity, phytotoxicity, and leaching toxicity of the batteries. Mechanism analysis showed that functional microorganisms adapted to the leaching system through various strategies, aiding in the release of Co and Li. This study provides valuable insight into simultaneously enhancing metal extraction and reducing environmental pollution from spent LIBs.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Md. Shad Salman et al.
Summary: In this study, a functional organic ligand, 4-tert-Octyl-4-((phenyl)diazenyl)phenol (TPDP), was directly immobilized onto mesoporous silica to fabricate a composite adsorbent for the detection and removal of toxic copper (Cu(II)) ions from contaminated water. The composite adsorbent showed high sensitivity and selectivity towards Cu(II) ions, with a limit of detection of 0.28 μg/L. The adsorbent exhibited a high adsorption capacity, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 184.73 mg/g. The Cu(II) ions could be eluted and the adsorbent could be regenerated for reuse. This ligand-based composite adsorbent offers a low-cost and efficient method for the detection and removal of Cu(II) ions in real waste sample treatment.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Md Nazmul Hasan et al.
Summary: Organic ligand-based sustainable composite hybrid material (CMHs) was synthesized for the sensitive and selective adsorption of Lu(III) from waste samples. The adsorption of Lu(III) was influenced by solution pH, with slightly acidic conditions chosen for optimal separation and adsorption. Other metal ions did not interfere with Lu(III) adsorption due to the high affinity of Lu(III) to CMHs. The CMHs exhibited a high adsorption capacity and the adsorbed Lu(III) ions were easily eluted for regeneration.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Si-qi Jiang et al.
Summary: This study systematically analyzes the recycling technologies for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in recent years, summarizing them under the two main aspects of pretreatment and deep treatment. Based on the advantages of the described technology, a clean and efficient recovery process for spent LIBs is proposed for sustainable purposes.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yayun Ma et al.
Summary: A strategy of selectively extracting lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries using ethylene glycol in a subcritical water system is proposed. This strategy has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and simplicity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yiming Lai et al.
Summary: The recovery of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) leaching method is proposed. The DES leaching effectively removes impurities from spent graphite and restores its crystal structure and morphology. The regenerated graphite exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, comparable to commercial graphite. This study provides a facile and green method for the closed-loop utilization of spent graphite in LIBs.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Masud Rana et al.
Summary: The recycling of Ni, Cd and Co from spent Ni-Cd batteries is crucial for preventing deficiency of these metals and protecting the environment. This study proposes a formic acid-assisted method for leaching and recovering valuable metals from the cathode and anode materials of spent Ni-Cd batteries. The experimental results and statistical analysis show that high leaching efficiencies of Cd and Co can be achieved at 80 degrees C and 2.5 h, while Ni leaching is optimized at 90 degrees C, 4 h and a 30 mL/g liquid/solid ratio. Moreover, the use of H2O2 as an oxidizing agent enables efficient leaching of metallic Ni.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Theoneste Nshizirungu et al.
Summary: A subcritical water assisted diluted formic acid process was proposed as a green approach for recovering Co2O3 nanoparticles and Li2CO3 from spent LiCoO2 cathode materials without using any reducing agents. The findings revealed that more than 99% of Li and Co were effectively recovered from the spent LiCoO2 powder at mild conditions. This study highlights the low energy consumption, dual function properties, low chemical input, and environmentally friendly nature of the proposed method.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ren Tao et al.
Summary: The novel process of one-step pyrolysis and reductant-free acid leaching achieves high efficiency, environmental-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness in recycling spent LiMn2O4 LIBs. Under optimal pyrolysis conditions, the leaching efficiencies of lithium and manganese reach 99.9% and 99.4% respectively.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiadong Yu et al.
Summary: Utilizing materials from spent lithium ion batteries as catalysts can effectively reform sawdust pyrolysis gas into hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, promoting hydrogen production.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiakui Zhang et al.
Summary: With the shortage and cost increase of lithium, it is urgently needed to recapture lithium elements from all possible resources. The recycling of spent lithium ion batteries has been considered efficient, but it often results in complex impurities in the lithium-based products. Most recycling methods are time-consuming and energy-intensive, and the focus is mainly on the recovery of valuable metals rather than graphite anode. This study reports a novel and environmentally friendly approach to high recovery of lithium element and simultaneous production of holey graphite from spent LIBs.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tirath Raj et al.
Summary: The increase in the number of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has raised concerns due to their hazardous components and potential environmental and health risks. However, LIBs can also be a valuable source of transition metals for recycling. This article introduces the concept of LIBs, reviews state-of-art technologies for metal recycling processes, and emphasizes on pretreatment approaches, metal extraction, and different metallurgical methods.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaojian Liao et al.
Summary: This study developed a mixed culture to improve the efficiency of metal recovery from spent LiCoO2 batteries. By using Fe2+ as a reductant in the presence of the mixed culture, cobalt and lithium could be leached efficiently, overcoming the issue of low leaching efficiency. Mechanism analysis revealed that the release of electrons by Fe2+ reduced refractory Co(III) to soluble Co(II), enabling effective metal extraction.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Wenhao Yu et al.
Summary: The high demand for electric vehicles in China has led to an increase in power lithium-ion battery (LIB) production, resulting in a large number of spent power LIBs. Comprehensive recycling, including recovery and reuse, is a promising direction to maximize the utilization of spent power LIBs. This article reviews the current situation of comprehensive recycling of spent LIBs in China and discusses the pretreatment, recovery of materials, and reuse process of spent power LIBs.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiadong Yu et al.
Summary: Graphite electrodes from spent lithium-ion batteries have good crystalline composition and layered structure, but are often polluted with various impurities, limiting their high-value utilization. A systematic analysis revealed contaminants on the graphite surface and the potential of the modified Hummers method in removing them effectively to prepare graphene oxide. The method not only removes impurities, but also helps in forming 2D graphene oxide for high-value utilization.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiadong Yu et al.
Summary: Sodium ion pollution affects the quality and surface cleanliness of lithium-ion battery precursors. By controlling the consumption of sodium salt and using ammonia instead of NaOH for pH regulation, this issue can be effectively addressed.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ren Tao et al.
Summary: A novel process was developed to efficiently extract valuable metals and treat organics in spent NCM LIBs through full-component pyrolysis. Organic substances were recovered in the form of pyrolytic oil and gas, while the cathode material was dissociated and reduced for subsequent extraction of valuable metals without a reducing agent.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Aminul Islam et al.
Summary: This study focused on the environmentally benign recovery of cobalt, manganese, nickel and lithium from waste Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide batteries using citric acid. By optimizing the leaching conditions, high recovery rates were achieved under low temperature interface reaction control. The diffusion controlled leaching reaction showed lower environmental impact compared to other methods.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jenni Lie et al.
Summary: The novel closed-vessel microwave system utilizing ascorbic acid showed efficient leaching of valuable metals from spent LIBs, with leaching efficiency depending on acid concentration, heating rate, and temperature. Optimal conditions for complete leaching were determined as 0.5 M ascorbic acid, 40 degrees C/min heating rate, 10 g/L solid to liquid ratio, and 125 degrees C within 10 min. Although using 0.1 M ascorbic acid could facilitate the reduction of Co (III) to Co (II), additional oxalic acid was required for higher recovery of Co and Mn in the leaching solution.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kai He et al.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dongdong Chen et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mengmeng Wang et al.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Md Rabiul Awual et al.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Guangwen Zhang et al.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yunhui Han et al.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Md Rabiul Awual et al.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tannaz Naseri et al.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ahmed Shahat et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ahmed Shahat et al.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tao Zhang et al.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2014)
