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Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yunhao Li et al.
Summary: This study presents a facile strategy to modify polyamide nanofiltration membranes for enhanced Mg2+/Li+ separation. By intercalating a rigid electropositive monomer into the polyamide chains, the internal pores and positive charge density were remolded. The modified polyamide layer with rigid-flexible microstructures showed significantly improved water flux and Mg2+/Li+ separation factor.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Wei Li et al.
Summary: Membrane extraction (ME) is a potential technology for efficiently separating lithium from salt-lake brine with high Mg/Li ratio. A new finding of strong interaction between extractant (TBP) and PEEK substrate was reported, leading to reduction in Li extraction flux. Coating a sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK) layer effectively improved the lithium extraction flux by 154%. This new finding advances the practical applications of membrane extraction.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiarui Chen et al.
Summary: Layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly is an important method for preparing nanofiltration (NF) membranes with tunable charge and pore size, high water permeability, and good anti-fouling properties. However, LBL NF membranes suffer from salinity instability in highly saline solutions. This review analyzes the physical and chemical principles of LBL assembly related to the salinity stability of LBL NF membranes, and proposes methods to improve their stability.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hengyu Li et al.
Summary: Extraction of lithium from salt lakes through membrane technology is important. This study proposed a modification strategy of embedding diethylenetriamine in the nanofiltration membrane to improve the separation performance of magnesium and lithium ions. The results showed that the modified membrane exhibited a twofold improvement in the separation of magnesium and lithium ions.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Tong Zhang et al.
Summary: This article reviews the current lithium extraction process based on commercial NF membrane and introduces the application of positively charged NF membranes in the separation of magnesium and lithium ions. Strategies for enhancing the separation performance by introducing functional groups, specific nanopores, and nanochannels into the membrane are presented. The main operating parameters associated with the separation process are also discussed.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Juan Luo et al.
Summary: This study investigates the impact of the porous structure of the support on the permselectivity and backwash resistance of Layer-by-Layer (LBL) nanofiltration (NF) membranes. It found that adjusting the number of bilayers in the coating process enables the production of LBL membranes with similar molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) around 250 Da and high Mg2+ rejection. However, Na2SO4 rejection decreased as the number of bilayers increased, due to overcompensation by positively charged PAH. The study also found that the pore size of the support did not significantly impact the backwash resistance of the LBL membranes.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qingyi Wang et al.
Summary: Positively charged thin film composite polyamide (TFC-PA) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared for effective separation of Mg2+ and Li+ from high Mg2+/Li+ ratio salt lake brine by interface polymerization involving polyethyleneimine (PEI) with benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC). Results showed that PSF(RIP) NF membrane exhibited improved Mg2+/Li+ separation factor SLi/Mg, but with reduced water flux values due to decreased surface roughness, increased surface hydrophobicity, and decreased MWCO Stokes pore radius. PE(RIP) NF membrane not only showed higher Mg2+/Li+ separation factor SLi/Mg, but also higher water flux values due to increased surface roughness, decreased PA cross-linking degree, reduced PA separation layer thickness, and increased MWCO Stokes pore radius.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shanshan Xu et al.
Summary: A novel application of glutaraldehyde crosslinked layer-by-layer nanofiltration membranes for phosphoric acid purification is developed. Increasing the number of coating layers reduces the surface charges and results in smaller and narrower pores. The PSS/PAH(2.5) membrane exhibits excellent permselectivity for Al rejection and acid stability.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuxi Feng et al.
Summary: By synthesizing a new QBPD monomer and modifying the PEI membrane, the rejection rate and pure water flux of MgCl2 were improved, showing good stability and potential for lithium extraction from salt lakes with high Mg2+/Li+ ratio.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
S. Castano Osorio et al.
Summary: This paper presents a model based on state-of-the-art mean field theory that includes the effect of divalent counterions on the membrane charge density, highlighting the importance of counterion adsorption in nanofiltration performance.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rongrong He et al.
Summary: In this study, a highly selective nanofiltration hollow fiber membrane was prepared by layer-by-layer deposition for the separation of Mg2+/Li+ under the challenge of high Mg2+/Li+ ratio. The membrane showed promising performance in experiments and set a record for the permselectivity of Mg2+/Li+ separation.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yang Xu et al.
Summary: A modified polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanofiltration membrane using bis-quaternary ammonium salt (QEDTP) has been designed, which shows improved water flux and Mg2+/Li+ selectivity while maintaining high MgCl2 rejections. This modified membrane exhibits stable nanofiltration performance and provides one of the best Mg2+/Li+ separation performance considering both flux and selectivity.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Lu Elfa Peng et al.
Summary: Recent studies show that the performance of TFC membranes is significantly affected by their substrates, influencing the formation of polyamide rejection layers and regulating water and solute transport pathways. This comprehensive review evaluates the effects of substrate pore structure and chemistry on water permeance, selectivity, and fouling performance of TFC membranes, providing insights for future membrane development and optimization.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xin Li et al.
Summary: In this study, a functional interlayer derived from polyelectrolyte-based layer-by-layer self-assembly was used to prepare interlayer engineered organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes using beta-cyclodextrin as a monomer via interfacial polymerization. The developed membranes exhibited a smoother selective layer, higher crosslinking degree, and improved organic dye rejection compared to interlayer-free OSN membranes. Moreover, the membranes showed competitive permeances towards both polar and nonpolar solvents and could discriminate between dye molecules with similar molecular weights and same charge but different molecular configurations. Additionally, the membranes demonstrated good structural integrity and long-term stability.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lu Tao et al.
Summary: This study successfully fabricated monovalent cation permselective membranes (MCPMs) with high Li+/Mg2+ selectivity and Li+ permeability by introducing Zn-TCPP nanosheets into surface cross-linked SPES membrane. The results showed that the MCPMs achieved effective separation and fast transport of Li+ and Mg2+ through pore-size sieving effect and increased charge density.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rongrong He et al.
Summary: This study investigates the effects of solution parameters on the Mg2+/Li+ separation performance of poly(styrene sulfonate) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PSS/PAH) hollow fiber NF membranes. The results show that pH has a significant impact on the separation performance, while the effects of salinity and Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio depend on whether the membranes are crosslinked. The PSS/PAH NF membranes demonstrate exceptional Mg2+/Li+ separation unmatched by commercial NF membranes.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chenjun Dong et al.
Summary: Layer by layer hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes assembled by poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine) demonstrated stable ion rejection and unique ion rejection behavior. Excessive compensation of cationic amine groups contributed to high rejection rates, highlighting a third dimension in ion transport.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nor Naimah Rosyadah Ahmad et al.
Summary: Due to the increasing demand for water resources, freshwater deficiency has become a significant issue affecting social and economic development in many countries. Nanofiltration (NF) is a promising technology for water reclamation, especially in desalination, water, and wastewater treatment fields. However, membrane fouling remains a major concern that hampers the performance of NF membranes and increases operating costs. This review summarizes recent progress in improving the resistance to fouling in NF membranes using three types of antifouling modifiers: nanoparticles, polymers, and composite polymer/nanoparticles. The review also discusses the correlation between antifouling performance and membrane properties such as hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, surface charge, and morphology.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Idit Shefer et al.
Summary: This study systematically investigated the hindrance effects on water-salt and ion-ion selectivity in nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. The research found that water-salt selectivity is driven by entropy, while ion-ion selectivity is limited by an enthalpy-entropy compensation effect. Possible mechanisms promoting this compensation effect during ion transport in salt-rejecting membranes were proposed.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shanshan Xu et al.
Summary: This study proposes an accurate evaluation method for the rejection of nanofiltration (NF) membranes, which corrects the measurement errors caused by monovalent ions. It promotes fair comparison of NF membrane performance in literature, reliable analysis of separation mechanisms, and precise determination of product purity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ruoyu Wang et al.
Summary: This review provides an overview of the development history, details, applications, and optimization strategies of the widely used NF model DSPM-DE. It also discusses the analysis of separation processes and the uncertainties of model parameters, along with the prospects for future improvements.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Anna Siekierka et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the structure, lithium capturing efficiency, and energy consumption of Li, Mn, and Ti spinel-type materials in the HCDI system, identifying the spinel with a Li:Mn:Ti ratio of 1:3:0.15 as the best material for lithium recovery. Testing with natural geothermal water showed a lithium capturing efficiency near 80% in 8 minutes, with separation factors for other cations over three times smaller.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shanshan Xu et al.
Summary: This review article summarizes membrane technologies for lithium extraction from Chinese salt-lake brines, including membrane extraction, nanofiltration, lithium ion-sieve, electrodialysis, and forward osmosis. The focus is on achieving high selectivity and adsorption capacity for lithium extraction, as well as proposing carbon neutral FO for concentrating lithium-enriched brines. The strategies discussed in this article aim to address the urgent need for efficient lithium extraction from high MLR brines.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ben-Qing Huang et al.
Summary: The dually charged nanofiltration (NF) membranes prepared by facile modification with diethylenetriamine (DETA) after interfacial polymerization showed ideal rejection for both Na2SO4 (98.2%) and MgCl2 (94.1%), with a pure water permeability of 17.0 L m(-2) h(-1) bar(-1). These membranes also exhibited high rejection to a series of heavy metals, demonstrating good potential for heavy metals removal.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fang Xu et al.
Summary: By studying nanopores in covalent organic frameworks, it is found that compensatory effect of pore-wall groups on ionic hydration plays a significant role in lithium-magnesium separation; meanwhile, moderately-electropositive nanopores can enhance separation factor and lithium ion permeation simultaneously. The balanced ratio of hydrophilic and positively-charged groups on pore walls is crucial for improving lithium-magnesium separation efficiency.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dan Lu et al.
Summary: A surface charge-inversion strategy was developed to construct a selective positive-nanolayer on nanofiltration membranes surface for selective separation of lithium ions, addressing the low lithium selectivity and complicated preparation issues. This strategy enhances the Donnan exclusion and size sieving capability for Mg2+ ions, achieving a high separation factor and anti-fouling performance.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Sifani Zavahir et al.
Summary: This paper reviews the research on lithium extraction using membranes, electrochemical processes, and ESIX. The technologies show promising perspectives on separating and recovering lithium both selectively and non-selectively from simulated brine solutions and lithium salt solutions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qiuyan Bi et al.
Summary: A nanofiltration (NF) membrane with positive charges was prepared to separate Mg2+ and Li+ from high Mg/Li ratio brine. The introduction of BHC-CN improved salt permeation and selectivity, with the membrane showing positive charge at pH < 7.33 and good stability in separating Mg2+ and Li+.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ping Xu et al.
Summary: The addition of nano-sized aminated graphene quantum dots has been shown to effectively enhance the Mg2+/Li+ separation ability of NF membranes, increase membrane permeation flux, and provide strong anti-fouling and stability properties.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ryan M. DuChanois et al.
Summary: This article evaluates the ion selectivity of conventional polymeric membrane materials and describes recent progress in enhancing selective transport through tailored free volume elements and ion-membrane interactions. To overcome the limitations of polymeric membranes, three material classes - porous crystalline materials, 2D materials, and discrete biomimetic channels - are highlighted as possible candidates for ion-selective membranes due to their molecular-level control over physical and chemical properties. Finally, research directions and critical challenges for developing bioinspired membranes with molecular recognition are provided.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yingxin Mu et al.
Summary: A novel mesoporous LiMn2O4@GF electrode has been developed for the successful extraction of lithium from brines, demonstrating remarkable electrochemical activity, quick mass-transfer kinetics, and excellent stability. This provides an energy-efficient method for the recovery of Li+ from brines with high Mg2+/Li+ ratios.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Changsheng Guo et al.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ping Xu et al.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. M. Reurink et al.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andriy Yaroshchuk et al.
ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Omar Labban et al.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yara E. Ghoussoub et al.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Omar Labban et al.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2017)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ding Chen et al.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2017)
Article
Polymer Science
Jingcheng Fu et al.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Noga Fridman-Bishop et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chang Liu et al.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2015)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph J. Richardson et al.
Article
Polymer Science
Wiebe M. de Vos et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
JMC Lourenço et al.
