Three-Dimensional (3D) Visualization under Extremely Low Light Conditions Using Kalman Filter

In recent years, research on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction under low illumination environment has been reported. Photon-counting integral imaging is one of the techniques for visualizing 3D images under low light conditions. However, conventional photon-counting integral imaging has the problem that results are random because Poisson random numbers are temporally and spatially independent. Therefore, in this paper, we apply a technique called Kalman filter to photon-counting integral imaging, which corrects data groups with errors, to improve the visual quality of results. The purpose of this paper is to reduce randomness and improve the accuracy of visualization for results by incorporating the Kalman filter into 3D reconstruction images under extremely low light conditions. Since the proposed method has better structure similarity (SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and cross-correlation values than the conventional method, it can be said that the visualization of low illuminated images can be accurate. In addition, the proposed method is expected to accelerate the development of autonomous driving technology and security camera technology.

Automated summary

This study focuses on the research of three-dimensional reconstruction under low illumination environment. Photon-counting integral imaging is a technique to visualize 3D images under low light conditions. However, the conventional method has the issue of randomness due to the temporal and spatial independence of Poisson random numbers. In this paper, the Kalman filter is applied to improve the visual quality by correcting the errors in the photon-counting integral imaging. The proposed method shows better structure similarity, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and cross-correlation values compared to the conventional method, indicating a more accurate visualization of low illuminated images. Furthermore, it is expected to contribute to the development of autonomous driving technology and security camera technology.