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Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Silvia Gallucci et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) from two different wearable antennas designed for 5G bands. Four simulated human models were used, and electromagnetic numerical simulations were conducted to assess the exposure levels based on specific absorption rate (SAR) and absorbed power density (S-ab). The results showed that the higher exposure values were concentrated in a superficial area below the antenna, and these distributions narrowed around their peak values and tended to flatten towards lower values in other body regions. All exposure levels complied with ICNIRP guidelines considering realistic input power. This study highlights the importance of conducting exposure assessments for wearable antennas on human wearers, particularly in the context of future 5G networks and the growing use of wearable technology.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Martina Benini et al.
Summary: This study examines the levels of radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in pedestrians caused by vehicular communication technology. It specifically focuses on the exposure levels in children of different ages and both genders, comparing them to the exposure levels in adults investigated in a previous study. The results show that children generally have lower exposure levels than adults.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuwei Jiang et al.
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the distribution of whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (WBSAR) using measurable physique parameters for Chinese adults exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) of current wireless communication frequencies, and found that different combinations of physique parameters significantly influenced the WBSAR for different genders and frequencies. The use of surrogate modelling showed the feasibility of estimating individual WBSAR with a limited number of physique parameters. The population-based distribution of WBSAR in Chinese adults was presented for the first time in this study.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Martina Benini et al.
Summary: This study used computational dosimetry to assess the exposure of road users to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) generated by vehicle connectivity. The highest exposure was observed in the head and eyes, while the exposure in the torso and limbs was negligible. The overall exposure was well below the limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marta Bonato et al.
Summary: This study investigates the human exposure assessment in a 5G-V2X scenario, and provides important insights into the forthcoming use of 5G in connected vehicles. The computational simulations show that the exposure levels in the head area of the human model are the highest, but they are well below the safety limits defined by ICNIRP guidelines to avoid harmful effects.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Gabriella Tognola et al.
Summary: This paper is the first comprehensive survey on electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure generated by various connectivity technologies in cars. By describing each technology and comparing past research results, it is found that EMF exposure in cars using these technologies has never exceeded safe limits.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gabriella Tognola et al.
Summary: Cars are evolving into smart connected objects capable of communication with infrastructure and other cars. The study found that in a 5.9 GHz smart mobility communication scenario, the Specific Absorption Rate had minimal impact on body regions and tissues of an adult male.
IEEE JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETICS RF AND MICROWAVES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ilaria Liorni et al.
RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mate Boban et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Biology
Serena Fiocchi et al.
BIOELECTROMAGNETICS
(2013)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mate Boban et al.
IEEE JOURNAL ON SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS
(2011)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Andreas Christ et al.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2010)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Andreas Christ et al.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2010)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
P Gajsek et al.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2001)
