☆ 4.2 Review

Pulmonary Function in Human Spaceflight

SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2023)

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Physiological Effects of Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight

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Summary: The study revealed that high-G acceleration during suborbital flights can have significant impacts on cardiovascular and respiratory systems, especially for older or susceptible individuals, leading to hypoxemia and reduced cardiac output. Therefore, developing evidence-based medical approaches for commercial suborbital spaceflights is crucial.

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Summary: The study aimed to determine the effects of duration of acceleration in the cranial-caudal direction (+Gz) on acceleration atelectasis and identify measurement techniques. It found that non-invasive measurement using electrical impedance tomography provides more detailed assessment of acceleration atelectasis, and as little as 30 s of exposure to +Gz acceleration can cause it. This study's results will allow for a more accurate assessment of acceleration atelectasis in the future.

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Indirect Measurements of Acceleration Atelectasis and the Role of Inspired Oxygen Concentrations

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Summary: When wearing modern anti-G garments, breathing 60% oxygen can lead to mild acceleration atelectasis, especially in susceptible individuals, while breathing 75% oxygen can cause more significant physiological compromise. An inspired oxygen concentration of less than 60% will prevent the majority of individuals from developing acceleration atelectasis.

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Summary: This study focuses on the physiological effects of high and abrupt G(z) forces on aerobatic pilots, specifically examining changes in cerebral oxygenation and heart rate dynamics during real aerobatic flights. Continuous monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics during flights showed significant effects of successive positive and negative G(z) exposures, with a positive correlation between G(z) changes and cerebral oxygenation. This study demonstrates the value of NIRS in monitoring cerebral hemodynamics in aerobatic flights and provides insight into individual physiological responses to high G(z) forces during real flights.

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Article Biophysics

Pulmonary Effects of Sustained Periods of High-G Acceleration Relevant to Suborbital Spaceflight

Ross D. Pollock et al.

Summary: Acceleration-induced hypoxemia worsens with increasing magnitude and duration of +G(x) and may have clinically important implications for medically susceptible individuals. The regional distribution of ventilation in the lungs changes with increasing +G(x), leading to gas-trapping in anterior lung regions and severe breathlessness. In extreme cases, large increases in work of breathing and neural respiratory drive can accompany sustained high-G acceleration.

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Subject Anxiety and Psychological Considerations for Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight

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Tolerance of Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight by Medical Condition

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Peak exercise oxygen uptake during and following long-duration spaceflight

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JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2014)

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Relationship Between Carbon Dioxide Levels and Reported Headaches on the International Space Station

Jennifer Law et al.

JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE (2014)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Optic Disc Edema in an Astronaut After Repeat Long-Duration Space Flight

Thomas H. Mader et al.

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Prevalence of left heart contrast in healthy, young, asymptomatic humans at rest breathing room air

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Commercial Spaceflight Participant G-Force Tolerance During Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Flight

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AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE (2012)

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Differences in Cardio-Ventilatory Responses to Hypobaric and Normobaric Hypoxia: A Review

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Determinants of arterial gas embolism after scuba diving

Marko Ljubkovic et al.

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Article Ophthalmology

Optic Disc Edema, Globe Flattening, Choroidal Folds, and Hyperopic Shifts Observed in Astronauts after Long-duration Space Flight

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OPHTHALMOLOGY (2011)

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AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE (2010)

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Decompression Sickness Risk at 6553 m Breathing Two Gas Mixtures

Desmond M. Connolly et al.

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The Effect of High-Altitude on Human Skeletal Muscle Energetics: 31P-MRS Results from the Caudwell Xtreme Everest Expedition

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Chris Imray et al.

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Microgravity alters respiratory abdominal and rib cage motion during sleep

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Venous gas emboli and exhaled nitric oxide with simulated and actual extravehicular activity

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Lung function is unchanged in the 1 G environment following 6-months exposure to microgravity

G. Kim Prisk et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2008)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Zero G in a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Article Physiology

Vital capacity, respiratory muscle strength, and pulmonary gas exchange during long-duration exposure to microgravity

G. Kim Prisk et al.

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Article Physiology

Pulmonary gas exchange is not impaired 24 h after extravehicular activity

GK Prisk et al.

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Microgravity reduces sleep-disordered breathing in humans

AR Elliott et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2001)

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Ventilation-perfusion matching in long-term microgravity

Y Verbandt et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2000)

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Article Physiology

Sustained microgravity reduces the human ventilatory response to hypoxia but not to hypercapnia

GK Prisk et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (2000)

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