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Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Hagai Levine et al.
Summary: This study reveals a significant decline in sperm count among men from all continents, with a more pronounced decrease observed post-2000. The decline in sperm count is not limited to North America-Europe-Australia, but also seen in South/Central America-Asia-Africa. Urgent research and action are needed to investigate the causes and prevent further disruption of male reproductive health.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy et al.
Summary: This article conducts a systematic review on microplastics in human biological samples, exploring their objectives, current efforts, and key findings. It analyzes research approaches from sampling to detection to quantification of microplastics, provides an overview of their occurrence and characteristics in the human body, and discusses contamination control procedures and prevention measures. The article also offers guidelines on current microplastic research strategies and highlights future directions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Khaled Ziani et al.
Summary: Microplastics, which come from plastic degradation, are pervasive in nature and have detrimental effects on both wildlife and humans. They have been found in marine species, drinking water, and various foods. Inhalation is another possible route of exposure. Research has shown that once absorbed, micro- and nanoparticles can distribute throughout the body, including the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus, reproductive organs, kidneys, and even the brain. Microplastics also transport harmful pollutants and metals across different trophic levels. Their additives and monomers can disrupt biological processes, affect the endocrine and immune system, impair mobility, reproduction, development, and even contribute to carcinogenesis. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated microplastic pollution due to increased use of face masks containing polypropylene and inadequate waste management.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sana Ullah et al.
Summary: The vast expansion of plastic manufacturing has led to the increased environmental impact of microplastics and nanoplastics, posing a threat to marine and terrestrial life due to the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals and other harmful compounds. These plastics can absorb and transport harmful chemicals commonly used in plastic production, which can easily leach into liquids and affect the endocrine system of mammals. The size-dependent bioaccumulation, distribution, and translocation of microplastics and nanoplastics can have deleterious effects on mammalian endocrine components, leading to various health issues such as oxidative stress, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, developmental abnormalities, decreased sperm quality, and immunotoxicity. More research is needed to understand the direct effects of these plastics on the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal glands.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Concetta Pironti et al.
Summary: This study investigates the presence of microplastics in urine samples from six volunteers in southern Italy, finding pigmented microplastic fragments with irregular shapes. The study suggests that microplastics could be eliminated through biological processes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abdullah Al Mamun et al.
Summary: While plastic has brought significant benefits to our lives, the issue of plastic particles in the environment has raised concerns. Plastics are resistant to degradation and can persist in the environment for a long time, leading to the entry of microplastics into the human food chain. Microplastic exposure through various sources can have negative impacts on human health, including gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory problems, and even cancer. It is important to regulate plastic use and ensure food safety to minimize the risks posed by microplastics. Future research should focus on understanding the composition of microplastics, their presence in different foods, and their biological effects on the human body.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Md. Iftakharul Muhib et al.
Summary: Nowadays, microplastic contamination has been found in various environmental samples, but there have been few recent studies focusing on microplastic contamination in drinking sources and food packages. This review paper briefly summarizes the findings related to microplastic contamination in plastic drinking bottles, tap water, and food packaging containers. The literature shows that different types of microplastic fragments, such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, etc., have been detected. Microplastic fragmentation can be caused by mechanical stress, UV radiation, low quality plastic materials, aging, and atmospheric deposition. In addition, microplastics can accumulate various chemical compounds and complex materials from the surroundings, making their accurate detection challenging. The repeated usage of plastic drinking bottles and food containers at the community level can also lead to microplastic leaching and potential health risks. This narrative study highlights the need for more high-quality research in this field to better understand potential exposure to microplastics.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Anggelia Essi Christian et al.
Summary: Biosolids contain microplastics that can potentially impact the soil ecosystem, but the extent of their negative effects is still controversial. There is currently a lack of standardized methods for detecting and characterizing microplastics. Utilizing standardized analysis methods and conducting further research on the ecotoxicity of microplastics and continuous monitoring of biosolid applications are necessary.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Guilherme Malafaia et al.
Summary: Given the growing research on microplastic contamination, this comprehensive review focuses on studies that have identified and characterized microplastics in human biological samples. While these studies have provided important insights, there is still a need for improvement in our understanding. The review highlights the challenges and hot spots in this field, such as the need for international collaboration networks, better recruitment criteria for volunteers, and improvements in sample collection, detection, and identification of microplastics. It also emphasizes the importance of implementing adequate quality assurance/control procedures to ensure more robust and reliable data on human contamination by microplastics.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yongjin Lee et al.
Summary: Microplastics, which can be found in oceans, remote islands, and polar regions, pose a significant emerging threat to ecosystems. This article reviews the literature to provide an up-to-date synthesis of the sources, compositions, and adverse effects of microplastics in humans and the environment.
YONSEI MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei Wu et al.
Summary: This study investigates the association between particulate matter (PM) exposure and semen quality in fertile men. The findings suggest that exposure to PM2.5 has adverse effects on semen quality, particularly reducing sperm motility.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wallace Alves Cunha et al.
Summary: The study reveals the harmful effects of plastic ingestion on the health and population dynamics of black vultures, causing oxidative stress and nitrosative stress, as well as affecting cholinesterase activity.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Haibo Jin et al.
Summary: Chronic exposure to microplastics can lead to reproductive abnormalities in mammals, including changes in testicular morphology, abnormal spermatogenesis, and interference with hormone secretion in the serum.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Heather A. Leslie et al.
Summary: Plastic particles are widespread pollutants in the environment and food chain, and this study successfully developed a method to measure the presence of plastic particles in human blood. The study found four high production volume polymers in blood samples and demonstrated that plastic particles can be taken up by the human bloodstream.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Helen V. Ford et al.
Summary: Plastic pollution and climate change are fundamentally linked, as plastic contributes to greenhouse gas emissions throughout its life cycle and extreme weather associated with climate change exacerbates the spread of plastic in the environment. Both issues impact marine ecosystems and species, making them particularly vulnerable.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haibo Chen et al.
Summary: Exposure to aged polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) resulted in more severe reproductive toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans compared to pristine PS-MPs, likely due to DNA damage-induced cell apoptosis.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Damian Malinowski et al.
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the expression and localization of membrane transporters and carriers in the seminal vesicles. The results confirm the secretory and barrier functions of the seminal vesicle epithelium.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jun-Li Xu et al.
Summary: This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the biological effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on human health based on mammalian systems. The majority of the studies focused on the effects of polystyrene MNPs, and most of them reported adverse health effects, including cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Some studies investigated the factors influencing the toxicity of MNPs, such as size, concentration, and shape.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Theresa Schell et al.
Summary: This study compared the uptake and bioconcentration of two hydrophobic organic chemicals in fish exposed to the chemicals through water alone or in combination with contaminated polyethylene microplastics (MPs). The presence of contaminated MPs did not enhance but rather decreased the bioconcentration of the chemicals in fish. Enzyme activity levels in fish were only significantly altered in the presence of MPs for alkaline phosphatase.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sindoval Silva de Souza et al.
Summary: In recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies on the impact of microplastics on biota. However, the effects of microplastics on birds' health are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ingestion of naturally-aged microplastics by Coturnix Coturnix japonica and found that ingested microplastics led to a reduction in body biomass and various biochemical alterations associated with oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and cholinesterasic effects in birds.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Antonio Ragusa et al.
Summary: This study discovered the presence of microplastic contamination, which poses potential health risks. The analysis of breastmilk samples revealed the presence of microplastics with various shapes and compositions, indicating that human exposure to microplastics is inevitable.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Pengfei Wu et al.
Summary: This article provides an overview of the presence and potential health impacts of microplastics in the biosphere, with a focus on inhalation and ingestion as the major exposure pathways. It discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolic toxicity, and excretion of microplastics in the human body, as well as the potential risks associated with them.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Liehai Hu et al.
Summary: This review provides the latest knowledge on the processes and mechanisms of interaction between microplastics (MPs) and cocontaminants, and discusses the factors that affect the adsorption/desorption process. The bio-toxicological outcomes of mixtures are elaborated based on the damaging effects on the intestinal barrier. The study points out the knowledge gaps in this research area and suggests directions for future studies.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aldo Di Nunzio et al.
Summary: This study evaluates the concentrations of 26 macro and trace elements in semen and blood serum of healthy young men and finds statistically significant differences among three highly polluted areas in Italy. The study suggests that human semen can serve as an early environmental marker.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Itishree Dubey et al.
Summary: This article reviews the impact of microplastics on male and female reproductive systems and the associated mechanisms involved in reproductive and developmental toxicities. Evidence shows that the accumulation of microplastics has harmful effects on the reproductive systems of humans and animals, involving various signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Concetta Pironti et al.
Summary: Studies on microplastics have rapidly increased due to the growing awareness of potential health risks. Microplastics can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. Research suggests significant human exposure to microplastics through various routes, prompting the need for further assessment of potential health risks.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Baolian Hou et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of microplastics on spermatogenesis in mice, showing a significant reduction in sperm count and an increase in deformity rate. Exposure to microplastics caused atrophy, shedding, and apoptosis of sperm cells in the testis, and disrupted the balance of Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway, leading to abnormal sperm quality in ICR mice.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liyuan Qiang et al.
Summary: This study found that exposure to polystyrene microplastics can induce molecular responses and histological alterations in fish gonads, potentially causing adverse effects on fish reproductive organs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio Ragusa et al.
Summary: The study revealed the presence of microplastic fragments in human placentas, with different shapes and possible origins from man-made coatings, paints, adhesives, etc.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kai Zhang et al.
Summary: Plastic waste pollution is a global issue that poses a potential threat to ecosystems and human health, but knowledge on plastic environmental degradation and microplastic formation is still limited. Future research should further study the key factors influencing plastic degradation to predict the fate of plastics in different environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Haibo Jin et al.
Summary: This study investigated the toxic effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on male reproductive systems in mice. The results showed that PS-MPs accumulated in the testis, entered testicular cells, and led to decreased sperm quality and testosterone levels. Additionally, PS-MPs induced testicular inflammation and disruption of the blood-testis barrier, demonstrating the potential reproductive dysfunctions caused by microplastics.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuexin Wei et al.
Summary: Exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) has been found to decrease sperm quality and quantity in male Balb/c mice. This is likely due to the disruption of blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity, induced by PS-MPs causing cytoskeleton disorganization and imbalanced mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities via increased ROS levels.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Arifur Rahman et al.
Summary: Microplastics are an emerging global environmental contaminant that may have negative impacts on human health through various pathways such as metabolic disturbances, neurotoxicity, and increased cancer risk. Currently, little is known about the effects of microplastics on human health, and further research is needed to quantify their impacts and pathogenesis.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ru An et al.
Summary: The study reveals that polystyrene microplastics have negative effects on rat ovaries by activating the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, leading to ovarian fibrosis and granulosa cell apoptosis. This ultimately results in decreased ovarian reserve capacity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junyu Hou et al.
Summary: The study showed that exposure to Polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) could lead to a decrease in the number of growing follicles in rats' ovaries, as well as affecting the oxidative stress response in ovarian tissue. This could trigger pyroptosis and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, potentially impacting female fertility. The findings provide new insights into the toxicity of microplastics on female reproduction.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shengda Li et al.
Summary: The study found that exposure to PS-MPs led to apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, decreased sperm motility and concentration, as well as increased abnormality of sperm. Additionally, PS-MPs induced oxidative stress, activated the p38 MAPK pathway, and depleted Nrf2.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Abraao Tiago Batista Guimaraes et al.
Summary: The study evaluated the toxicity of naturally-aged polystyrene microplastics (MPs) on Danio rerio at environmentally relevant concentrations. Results showed that MPs can induce oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in the animals, affecting their nutritional status. This study is the first to provide insights on the potential impact of MPs on freshwater fish.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
XiaoZhi Lim
Summary: Scientists are urgently studying the tiny plastic specks found in marine animals and in humans.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Maria Ricciardi et al.
Summary: Microplastics (MP) have emerged as a significant concern in the water environment, with a growing number of studies focusing on their potential risks to human health. This review article discusses the occurrence, accumulation, assessment methods, fate, and transport of MP, as well as the need for standardized protocols in future research.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Concetta Pironti et al.
Summary: This review discusses the occurrence, detection, and removal methods of endocrine-disrupting compounds in water, as well as the health issues they can trigger due to human exposure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aldo E. Calogero et al.
Summary: The study found that environmental exposure to lead and cadmium contributes to a decline in human semen quality, while selenium may have beneficial effects. Measurements of metals/metalloids in the seminal fluid may be more predictive of semen quality than conventional blood measurements.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Mohammad Boshir Ahmed et al.
Summary: Microplastics pollution has become a severe environmental concern, with sources from personal care products, synthetic clothing, and wastewater treatment plants. Analytical methods such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Raman spectroscopy are used for MP identification. Among various removal technologies, membrane bioreactor shows the highest efficiency, while hybrid treatment technologies demonstrate the highest removal efficacies for MPs.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kurunthachalam Kannan et al.
Summary: Humans are ubiquitously exposed to microplastics through inhalation of particles in air and ingestion in water, dust, and diet. This exposure can lead to inflammation, immunological response, endocrine disruption, and other disorders. The size, shape, chemical composition, and other characteristics of microplastics influence their toxicity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Danilo L. Andrade et al.
Summary: The differential diagnosis between obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia involves a comprehensive evaluation including medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal assessment, genetic tests, and imaging studies. Testicular biopsy may be necessary in cases of doubt, and should be combined with sperm extraction for sperm cryopreservation. A multidisciplinary approach involving reproductive urologists/andrologists, geneticists, pathologists, and embryologists is crucial for the best diagnostic path for men with azoospermia.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Muhammad Umar Ijaz et al.
Summary: The study revealed that polystyrene microplastics caused oxidative stress and potential damage to the testicles of rats, leading to a decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, and testosterone levels. Additionally, the expression levels of key enzymes and hormones related to testicular function were also negatively affected by PS MPs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaoman Xie et al.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Tariq Majeed et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Amanda Pereira da Costa Araujo et al.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Alessandra Gallo et al.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gennaro Lettieri et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gennaro Lettieri et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amanda Pereira da Costa Araujo et al.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gayathri Jaikumar et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lauren Roman et al.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2019)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Zeynep Akdogan et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Grazia Giudice et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liana Bosco et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Luis Carlos de Sa et al.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah-Jeanne Royer et al.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
A. Pruss-Ustun et al.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Vecoli et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2017)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Helena E. Virtanen et al.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2017)
Letter
Andrology
Michael D. Font et al.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rossana Sussarellu et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2016)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Paolo Bergamo et al.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mariailaria Verderame et al.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2015)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Takeshi Hirano et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
N Pant et al.
