Dearomative ring expansion of thiophenes by bicyclobutane insertion

Skeletal ring enlargement is gaining renewed interest in synthetic chemistry and has recently focused on insertion of one or two atoms. Strategies for heterocyclic expansion through small-ring insertion remain elusive, although they would lead to the efficient formation of bicyclic products. Here, we report a photoinduced dearomative ring enlargement of thiophenes by insertion of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to produce eight-membered bicyclic rings under mild conditions. The synthetic value, broad functional-group compatibility, and excellent chemo- and regioselectivity were demonstrated by scope evaluation and product derivatization. Experimental and computational studies point toward a photoredox-induced radical pathway.

Automated summary

In this study, a photoinduced ring enlargement method of thiophenes was developed, which involves the insertion of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to form eight-membered bicyclic rings under mild conditions. The synthetic value, broad functional-group compatibility, and excellent chemo- and regioselectivity were demonstrated by scope evaluation and product derivatization. Experimental and computational studies suggested a photoredox-induced radical pathway.