☆ 4.5 Review

Application of radiomics and machine learning to thyroid diseases in nuclear medicine: a systematic review

REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS (2023)

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Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Update on Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Focus on Nuclear Medicine

Giorgio Treglia et al.

Summary: Currently, there is a lack of consensus on the effectiveness of nuclear medicine techniques in diagnosing and treating medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). This review aims to provide an update on diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine techniques in MTC. Evidence suggests that PET/CT with specific radiopharmaceuticals is useful for recurrent MTC, and 18F-FDOPA should be the preferred PET radiopharmaceutical. If 18F-FDOPA PET/CT is negative or unavailable, alternative PET/CT scans can be considered for MTC restaging. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and role of various nuclear medicine therapeutic options in managing MTC patients.

SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Role of Radiomics Features and Machine Learning for the Histological Classification of Stage I and Stage II NSCLC at [18F]FDG PET/CT: A Comparison between Two PET/CT Scanners

Francesco Dondi et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to compare two different PET/CT scanners for predicting the histological classification of NSCLC using RaF and ML. 227 patients were included and RaF were extracted. kNN and LR models showed the best performances for all scanners, with kNN outperforming the others. The choice of PET/CT scanner had an impact on RaF performances, with scanner 2 showing lower AUC values. In conclusion, this study identified promising RaF and ML models for predicting the histological subtype of NSCLC, while considering the influence of the scanner type.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Computer-aided diagnostic models to classify lymph node metastasis and lymphoma involvement in enlarged cervical lymph nodes using PET/CT

Yuhan Yang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to develop DL-based CAD systems for pathological diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes using PET/CT images. The DL-CNN and DL-SVM models showed favorable diagnostic performance, with DL-SVM model achieving better results after combining DL-based and handcrafted features.

MEDICAL PHYSICS (2023)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Potential Role of PSMA-Targeted PET in Thyroid Malignant Disease: A Systematic Review

Alessio Rizzo et al.

Summary: Recent studies have explored the potential use of PSMA-targeted PET/CT with radiopharmaceuticals in radioiodine-refractory TC. This systematic review included 6 original articles, which showed heterogeneous detection rates of PSMA-targeted PET/CT in TC, ranging from 25% to 100%, and inferior compared to [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT. Prospective multicentric studies are needed to properly assess the potential role of this molecular imaging examination in TC.

DIAGNOSTICS (2023)

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Article Oncology

Temporal Evolution and Prognostic Role of Indeterminate Response Sub-Groups in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer after Initial Therapy with Radioiodine

Domenico Albano et al.

Summary: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the dynamic evolution and prognostic role of patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC) and an indeterminate response (IR) after initial therapy. The study found that stimulated Tg levels after one year and nodal disease at diagnosis may predict the final status of the disease. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in the IRTg+ group compared to the IRTgAb+ and IRimaging+ groups. Rating: 8 out of 10.

CANCERS (2023)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Prognostic factors in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with total thyroidectomy and RAI: a real-life multicentric study

Angelina Cistaro et al.

Summary: In pediatric DTC, sTg is significantly associated with 1-year treatment response and final outcome. However, 1-year response is the principal prognostic factor able to predict pediatric DTCs outcome.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Quantitative classification and radiomics of [18F]FDG-PET/CT in indeterminate thyroid nodules

Elizabeth J. de Koster et al.

Summary: The study aimed to evaluate whether quantitative [F-18]FDG-PET/CT assessment and radiomic analysis of [F-18]FDG-positive thyroid nodules could improve the preoperative differentiation of indeterminate thyroid nodules. The results showed that applying distinct SUV cut-offs for non-Hurthle cell and Hurthle cell nodules can optimize the ability to rule out malignancy, while radiomic analysis did not provide additional differentiation for [F-18]FDG-positive nodules.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Comparison between Two Different Scanners for the Evaluation of the Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT Semiquantitative Parameters and Radiomics Features in the Prediction of Final Diagnosis of Thyroid Incidentalomas

Francesco Dondi et al.

Summary: This study compared two different tomographs in the prediction of thyroid incidentalomas (TIs) using semiquantitative PET/CT parameters and radiomics features (RF). The results showed that semiquantitative parameters were unable to predict the final diagnosis of TIs, while some RF exhibited good predictive performances. There was a significant overlap in the extraction of RF between the two scanners.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Radiomics Analysis of [18F]FDG PET/CT Thyroid Incidentalomas: How Can It Improve Patients' Clinical Management? A Systematic Review from the Literature

Mirela Gherghe et al.

Summary: This study conducted a systematic review to explore the application of PET-based radiomics in [F-18]FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas, and discussed the additional value of PET volumetric parameters and radiomic features over clinical data. The results revealed the potential of using PET volumetric parameters and radiomics analysis in diagnosing and stratifying patients with malignant nodules, which may help reduce the need for unnecessary invasive procedures. However, further studies are needed for method standardization.

DIAGNOSTICS (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Remodeling 99mTc-Pertechnetate Thyroid Uptake: Statistical, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Approaches

Geoffrey M. Currie et al.

Summary: This study evaluated thyroid function by comparing scintigraphic findings with biochemistry status. Results showed that thyroid uptake classification and physician interpretation with the aid of uptake values were effective in identifying hyperthyroid patients. Machine learning and deep learning algorithms can improve diagnostic accuracy, especially in the absence of biochemistry results.

JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Otorhinolaryngology

Ultrasonography of the thyroid, parathyroids, and beyond

Marika D. Russell et al.

Summary: This review article discusses the applications of neck ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of neck endocrine diseases, highlighting key ultrasonographic findings. It encourages readers to use this review to enhance office-based performance and application of ultrasonography.

HNO (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

68Ga Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor PET/CT in the Detection of Metastatic Thyroid Cancer: Comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT

Hao Fu et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the clinical utility of Ga-68-FAPI PET/CT for detecting metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and compared it with F-18-FDG PET/CT. The results showed that Ga-68-FAPI PET/CT had a higher sensitivity than F-18-FDG PET/CT for depicting metastatic DTC, especially in lymph nodes and pulmonary metastases.

RADIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Radiomics in Oncological PET Imaging: A Systematic Review-Part 1, Supradiaphragmatic Cancers

David Morland et al.

Summary: Radiomics is a promising but technically challenging field in nuclear oncology. This study conducted a literature search and evaluation to summarize the research on supradiaphragmatic neoplasia, revealing various factors associated with radiomics analysis such as tumor type, number of patients, and use of validation sets.

DIAGNOSTICS (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Radiomics analysis improves 18FDG PET/CT-based risk stratification of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules

Luca Giovanella et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the ability of PET metrics and radiomics features to predict final diagnosis of (18)FDG-avid cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Results showed that two radiomics features (shape_Sphericity and glcm_Autocorrelation) can differentiate malignant from benign lesions. A predictive model integrating radiomics score and cytology classes effectively stratified the risk of malignancy.

ENDOCRINE (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Thyroglobulin doubling time offers a better threshold than thyroglobulin level for selecting optimal candidates to undergo localizing [18F]FDG PET/CT in non-iodine avid differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Domenico Albano et al.

Summary: This study investigated the potential role of serum thyroglobulin doubling time in predicting [F-18]FDG PET/CT results in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The results showed that when TgDT is less than or equal to 2.5 years, the diagnostic performance of PET/CT can be significantly improved.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Radiomics Analysis of [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Avid Thyroid Incidentalomas Improves Risk Stratification and Selection for Clinical Assessment

Luca Ceriani et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the ability of PET metrics and radiomics features to predict final diagnosis of [F-18]FDG thyroid incidentalomas (TIs). TLG, SUVmax, and shape_Sphericity were found to be the best predictors, with multiple parameters together showing stronger predictive abilities. The findings provide useful information for the management of TIs.

THYROID (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Deep learning for intelligent diagnosis in thyroid scintigraphy

Tingting Qiao et al.

Summary: Using deep learning models and transfer learning can improve the accuracy and efficiency of thyroid disease diagnosis. The DL models showed better diagnostic capability than first-year NM residents and provided faster diagnostic results than third-year NM residents.

JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Oncology

Effectiveness of Molecular Testing Techniques for Diagnosis of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules A Randomized Clinical Trial

Masha J. Livhits et al.

Summary: Both the RNA test and DNA-RNA test demonstrated high specificity and allowed more than half of patients with indeterminate nodules to avoid diagnostic surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in performance between the current molecular test techniques.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics Features in the Differential Diagnosis of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: Diagnostic Accuracy and Comparison between Two Different PET/CT Scanners

Domenico Albano et al.

Summary: This retrospective study investigated the predictive abilities of F-18-FDG-PET/CT metrics and RFs in determining the final diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules. Results showed that RFs played a significant role in predicting the diagnosis, with accuracies directly related to the scanner used.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Oncology

Classification and Diagnosis of Residual Thyroid Tissue in SPECT Images Based on Fine-Tuning Deep Convolutional Neural Network

Yinxiang Guo et al.

Summary: This study proposes a ResNet-18 fine-tuning method based on a convolutional neural network model to classify residual thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy with significantly improved accuracy and sensitivity by preprocessing and feature extraction of SPECT images.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Prognostic Role of 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT Metabolic Volume Parameters in Patients Affected by Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with High Thyroglobulin Level, Negative 131I WBS and Positive 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT

Domenico Albano et al.

Summary: A retrospective study of 122 patients with DTC revealed that tMTV and tTLG are the only independent prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with negative [I-131]WBS and Tg > 10 ng/mL. These metabolic PET/CT parameters may help predict the overall survival in this patient population.

DIAGNOSTICS (2021)

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Review Oncology

Radiomics in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Nodules: Explorations, Application, and Limitations

Yuan Cao et al.

Summary: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with a high incidence rate in females. The COVID-19 epidemic has increased the risk of treatment delay, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates of DTC. Radiomics, as an emerging technique, allows for the quantitative extraction of high-throughput features from medical images and may improve clinical decision-making for DTC patients.

CANCERS (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

The role of Hashimoto thyroiditis in predicting radioiodine ablation efficacy and prognosis of low to intermediate risk differentiated thyroid cancer

Domenico Albano et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) in predicting treatment response and prognosis after RAIT. The findings suggest that in low to intermediate risk DTC patients, HT may affect the efficacy of RAIT, particularly reducing the successful rate of excellent response after RAIT. Additionally, HT did not have a prognostic impact such as stimulated thyroglobulin levels.

ANNALS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Oncology

Diagnostic Utility of Radiomics in Thyroid and Head and Neck Cancers

Maryam Gul et al.

Summary: Radiomics is a developing field in radiology that uses statistical algorithms to evaluate medical imaging, objectively quantifying disease characteristics and providing unique insight into tumors and their microenvironment. It has potential applications in disease quantification, prediction, treatment planning, and response assessment.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

The role of Tg kinetics in predicting 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT results and overall survival in patients affected by differentiated thyroid carcinoma with detectable Tg and negative 131I-scan

Domenico Albano et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that thyroglobulin (Tg) kinetics play an important role in predicting 2-[F-18]-FDG-PET/CT results and overall survival (OS) in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Tg velocity and Tg-doubling time were found to be valuable parameters, especially in cases with low-moderate Tg levels.

ENDOCRINE (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

A Study on the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease Images Based on Multiple Dimensional Deep Learning Algorithms

Yuejun Liu et al.

CURRENT MEDICAL IMAGING (2020)

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Incremental diagnostic value of [18F]tetrafluoroborate PET-CT compared to [131I]iodine scintigraphy in recurrent differentiated thyroid cancer

Matthias Dittmann et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2020)

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Deep learning enables automated localization of the metastatic lymph node for thyroid cancer on 131I post-ablation whole-body planar scans

MuthuSubash Kavitha et al.

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Thyroid cancer and thyroid autoimmune disease: A review of molecular aspects and clinical outcomes

Natalia Medeiros Dias Lopes et al.

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Evaluating Focal18F-FDG Uptake in Thyroid Gland with Radiomics

Aysegul Aksu et al.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2020)

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PET/CT in thyroid nodule and differentiated thyroid cancer patients. The evidence-based state of the art

Arnoldo Piccardo et al.

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EANM practice guideline/SNMMI procedure standard for RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy

Luca Giovanella et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING (2019)

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Update on Molecular Testing for Cytologically Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules

Shikha Bose et al.

ADVANCES IN ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY (2019)

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18F-FDG-PET/CT features of primary tumours for predicting the risk of recurrence in thyroid cancer after total thyroidectomy: potential usefulness of combination of the SUV-related, volumetric, and heterogeneous texture parameters

Masatoyo Nakajo et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY (2019)

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Thyroid Diagnosis from SPECT Images Using Convolutional Neural Network with Optimization

Liyong Ma et al.

COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Volumetric and texture analysis of pretherapeutic 18F-FDG PET can predict overall survival in medullary thyroid cancer patients treated with Vandetanib

Rudolf A. Werner et al.

ENDOCRINE (2019)

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Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Texture analysis and machine learning to characterize suspected thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: Where do we stand?

Martina Sollini et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY (2018)

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Jeong Won Lee et al.

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Mara Y. Roth et al.

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[18F]FDG-PET/CT texture analysis in thyroid incidentalomas: preliminary results

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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HYBRID IMAGING (2017)

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2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

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Predictive value of intratumoral heterogeneity of F-18 FDG uptake for characterization of thyroid nodules according to Bethesda categories of fine needle aspiration biopsy results

Seong-Jang Kim et al.

ENDOCRINE (2015)

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ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2011)

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