☆ 4.7 Review

Critical metals (Lithium and Zinc) recovery from battery waste, ores, brine, and steel dust: A review

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2023)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Closing gaps in LCA of lithium-ion batteries: LCA of lab-scale cell production with new primary data

Merve Erakca et al.

Summary: Battery storage systems have become crucial in the energy and transportation sector. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the dominant technology, but their sustainability is a constant concern. Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) have been conducted, but the lack of primary data on production necessitates more studies at different scales using transparent datasets. This research focuses on environmental assessments for LIBs at different production scales and provides a detailed LCA for lab-scale battery cell production for the first time, identifying areas of concern and conducting sensitivity analyses.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2023)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Evaluation and Current State of Primary and Secondary Zinc Production-A Review

Henryk Kania et al.

Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of the history, production, and demand of zinc. It discusses the production quantity of primary and secondary zinc, along with an economic analysis of zinc prices. The article presents the various methods used to obtain zinc from ores and analyzes the global zinc market and its applications. Furthermore, it explores technologies for zinc recovery from scrap, particularly from galvanized steel, emphasizing the importance of recycling due to the high volatility in zinc prices and its limited natural resources.

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2023)

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Article Environmental Studies

Economic potential and environmental impact of metal recovery from copper slag flotation tailings

Aleyna Guemuessoy et al.

Summary: Copper slag has been traditionally targeted for metal recovery, but it has been discovered that copper slag flotation tailings can fulfill resource demands in specific circumstances. Apart from copper, zinc and cobalt can also be obtained from slag tailings. This study explores the potential of copper slag tailings within the context of global metal supply and demand dynamics. It highlights that, similar to copper slag, slag tailings can be a new prospective resource for global base metals, taking into account global and domestic copper production, consumption, and base metal prices. Additionally, it evaluates its economic and environmental sustainability from a waste management perspective.

RESOURCES POLICY (2023)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Electrochemical recovery lithium from brine via taming surface wettability of regeneration spent batteries cathode materials

Guiling Luo et al.

Summary: In this study, the hydrophilicity of ZnO-coated LiMn2O4 was modulated to construct an electrochemical system for lithium recovery from brine. The effects of various factors on lithium extraction from simulated brine were investigated, and the average electro-adsorption capacity of the ZnO-modulated rLMO was determined.

APPLIED ENERGY (2023)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Recovery of lithium from brine with different degrees of mineralization by resorcinol/urea-formaldehyde foam-supported H2TiO3

Xuezhen Wang et al.

Summary: With the development of new energy industry, the extraction of lithium from liquid minerals has attracted extensive attention. A novel phenolic resin-supported H2TiO3 foam was developed for Li+ recovery from aqueous solutions, exhibiting high adsorption capacity and excellent performance for low-concentration Li+ in geothermal water.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A perspective on the recovery mechanisms of spent lithium iron phosphate cathode materials in different oxidation environments

Kang Liu et al.

Summary: Oxidative extraction has become an economically viable option for recycling lithium from spent LiFePO4 batteries. In this study, the releases behaviour of Li from spent LiFePO4 batteries under different oxidizing conditions was investigated with NaClO as the oxidant. Mechanochemical oxidation produced lithium carbonate, while hydrometallurgical oxidation produced lithium chloride.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Production and characterization of zinc oxide nanofibers derived from waste material as precursor

Mehmet Ali Topcu

Summary: The emergence of industrial wastes has caused global environmental issues, but using these wastes, including valuable metals, as a source of value-added materials can bring many advantages. In this study, zinc oxide nanofibers were synthesized from waste brass flue dust using recycling techniques. The synthesized nanofibers were confirmed to be predominantly ZnO with high purity, exhibiting fiber form in nanoscale and high crystallinity. These ZnO nanofibers derived from industrial waste can be used in various energy applications, and valuable nanomaterials can be produced directly from metal-containing wastes, providing an economical solution.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2023)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Reimagining safe lithium applications in the living environment and its impacts on human, animal, and plant system

Noman Shakoor et al.

Summary: The ubiquitous distribution of lithium (Li) in the environment is a growing concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry. The entry of Li into the terrestrial food chain raises questions about its impact on living organisms, including humans and animals. This review examines the global resources of Li, its interaction with plants, and its potential effects on biota. The assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li levels and the health of biota, with low intake leading to mental disorders and high intake inducing dysfunctions in various systems.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Microbial recovery of critical metals from secondary sources

Maria Gavrilescu

Summary: Research on the use of microbes in recovering critical metals from secondary sources is still in the early stages and requires further efficiency improvements. Future developments in microbial processes for critical metal recovery should focus on utilizing novel microorganisms and high-performance strategies.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Hydrometallurgical processes for heavy metals recovery from industrial sludges

Viraj Gunarathne et al.

Summary: Hydrometallurgical approaches have the potential for metal recovery from industrial sludge, but a comprehensive review in this field is lacking. This review discusses the capabilities of hydrometallurgical techniques and recent scientific findings, emphasizing the need for more efficient and environmentally-friendly methods in future research.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Hybrid biochar supported transition metal doped MnO2 composites: Efficient contenders for lithium adsorption and recovery from aqueous solutions

Urooj Kamran et al.

Summary: Novel nanocomposites (Nix-MnO2/BC) with efficient Li+ adsorption and desorption performances were synthesized by decorating hybrid biochar surfaces with nickel-doped MnO2 nanorods. The Ni0.01-MnO2/BC nanocomposite exhibited the highest Li+ uptake under optimized conditions, showcasing great potential for broad-scale Li+ adsorption and recovery applications.

DESALINATION (2022)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Solvent extraction for recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries

Shuya Lei et al.

Summary: This paper summarizes the development of solvent extraction in the field of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from the aspects of principle, technology and industrialization, while also commenting on the challenges and opportunities facing solvent extraction in the recycling of spent LIBs.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Selective separation of zinc and iron/carbon from blast furnace dust via a hydrometallurgical cooperative leaching method

Xingguo Luo et al.

Summary: Selective separation and recovery of zinc and iron/carbon from blast furnace dust have been achieved using a NaCl-HCl-H2O system. Up to 93.2% of zinc could be leached, while iron and carbon were enriched and recovered as secondary resources.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Lithium recovery from brine: Recent developments and challenges

Abdullah Khalil et al.

Summary: Concentrated brine, as a by-product of desalination, is considered an important resource for lithium extraction. Significant progress has been made in recent years in the development of lithium extraction technologies, but challenges such as sustainability, cost, and technology still need to be addressed.

DESALINATION (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Association between zinc and body composition: An integrative review

Thais A. Cunha et al.

Summary: Zinc deficiency is related to body composition and may contribute to obesity. Zinc is crucial for maintaining lean body mass and synthesizing new tissues.

JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Review on metal extraction technologies suitable for critical metal recovery from mining and processing wastes

Anne J. Whitworth et al.

Summary: The increasing demand for critical metals in the transition to low-carbon economies and advancements in high-tech has led to a global drive to find and develop these resources. Mining and processing wastes can provide significant concentrations of critical metals, but the extraction process requires suitable technologies.

MINERALS ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Separation and recovery of metallic zinc and iron concentrate from blast furnace dust by vacuum carbothermal reduction

Xue Deng et al.

Summary: Theoretical calculations and experimental studies were conducted to investigate a novel process involving the evaporation, condensation, and separation of blast furnace dust using vacuum carbothermal reduction. The results showed that the removal rate of metallic zinc from blast furnace dust by vacuum carbothermal reduction was > 99.6% with a reduction temperature range of 800-900 °C. The experimental findings demonstrated the feasibility of recovering metallic zinc and high-grade iron-bearing raw materials from blast furnace dust.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A dynamic material flow analysis of the global anthropogenic zinc cycle: Providing a quantitative basis for circularity discussions

L. Rostek et al.

Summary: Accurate and up-to-date accounting of material stocks and flows is crucial for Circular Economy discussions. The application of dynamic material flow analysis shows an increase in recycling rates from 2010 to 2019, but challenges remain in end-of-life waste collection and zinc losses in steel recycling.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2022)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Life Cycle Assessment of Lithium-ion Batteries: A Critical Review

Faiza Arshad et al.

Summary: This paper provides a perspective of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to determine and overcome the environmental impacts of Lithium-ion battery (LIB) production. It analyzes the differences in previous LCA results and aims to adopt a scientific framework to identify the qualities and shortcomings of this method of analysis.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2022)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Manganese bioleaching: an emerging approach for manganese recovery from spent batteries

Tannaz Naseri et al.

Summary: This paper discusses the bioleaching methods for extracting manganese from spent batteries, aiming at environmentally friendly and economically feasible practices, with lower operating costs and energy consumption, and reduced generation of hazardous by-products.

REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Selective recovery and efficient separation of lithium, rubidium, and cesium from lepidolite ores

Yubo Liu et al.

Summary: The sulfation and decomposition method successfully achieved the selective recovery of lithium, rubidium, and cesium from lepidolite ores, while also realizing the recycling of sulfuric acid and reducing the use of reagents. Optimal parameters were determined through theoretical calculations and experimental validation, and the separation of alkali elements and impurity elements was achieved through a simple leaching method.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Comprehensive recovery of zinc, iron and copper from copper slag by co-roasting with SO2-O2

Da-wei Wang et al.

Summary: This study proposed a novel method for recovering copper, zinc, and iron from copper slag through SO2-O-2 roasting-leaching-magnetic separation. The experimental results showed that high recovery rates and concentrations of the metals can be achieved under specific operating conditions.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Lithium Harvesting from the Most Abundant Primary and Secondary Sources: A Comparative Study on Conventional and Membrane Technologies

Fraz Saeed Butt et al.

Summary: The exponential rise in lithium demand has posed a threat to the existing lithium supply and demand balance, as lithium-ion batteries are one of the largest sources for energy storage. Current methods for lithium extraction and recovery suffer from excessive chemical use, complicated design procedures, and environmental harm. This paper reviews and compares different methodologies for lithium extraction and recycling, and explores the prospects of membrane technology as a promising alternative.

MEMBRANES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Separation and Recycling Potential of Rare Earth Elements from Energy Systems: Feed and Economic Viability Review

Ajay B. Patil et al.

Summary: This review explores the potential and importance of recycling rare earth elements (REEs) from different energy conversion systems. REEs are abundant in nature but expensive and challenging to extract and separate. The overall demand for REEs is growing, and recycling is crucial to supplement conventional mining. However, the current REE recycling situation is weak, with only a small percentage being recovered. The profitability of REE recycling depends on processing costs and element prices, emphasizing the importance of focusing on valuable and critical REEs in end-of-life products.

SEPARATIONS (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

On the implementation of the circular economy route for E-waste management: A critical review and an analysis for the case of the state of Kuwait

S. M. Al-Salem et al.

Summary: Electronic waste is a major environmental concern due to its large volume, high generation rate and toxic environmental burdens. This manuscript reviews the state-of-the-art technologies and techniques for segregating, recovering and recycling e-waste, with a specific focus on the valorization of e-plastics and e-metals. It also discusses the environmental aspects and regulations/legislations related to e-waste management, as well as the potential for implementing these technologies in Kuwait. The article highlights the waste accumulation problem in Kuwait and estimates the potential revenue from valorizing recovered plastics, iron and glass from e-waste.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Regionalized life cycle assessment of present and future lithium production for Li-ion batteries

Vanessa Schenker et al.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Full-process analysis on volatilizing gold, zinc by chlorination roasting and synchronous recovery vanadium by water leaching of carbonaceous gold ore

Hao Wu et al.

Summary: This paper describes a chlorination roasting-water leaching process for volatilization separation of gold and zinc, as well as simultaneous vanadium recovery from carbonaceous gold ore. The approach efficiently volatilizes gold and zinc while recovering vanadium through water leaching.

MINERALS ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Development of a novel tailored ion-imprinted polymer for recovery of lithium and strontium from reverse osmosis concentrated brine

Sara M. Alshuiael et al.

Summary: This study aims to prepare ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) that selectively adsorbs lithium (Li+) and attempts to remove strontium (Sr2+) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption processes were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The seawater was characterized, and the physicochemical properties of the prepared IIP before and after adsorption were analyzed. The results showed that the IIP efficiently removed Li+ but not Sr2+, and followed Freundlich adsorption isotherms models. The seawater contained a significant concentration of minerals and low concentrations of trace metals, except for Li and Sr. pH 10 was found to be the optimum pH for Li+ and Sr2+ adsorption. The thermodynamics study revealed exothermic conditions for Li+ adsorption on the IIP. The adsorption capacity of Li+ increased with temperature. The IIP showed high efficiency in adsorbing Li+ and low efficiency in adsorbing Sr2+. The cost analysis for IIP preparation was $2 per gram.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Recovery of Zinc and Iron from Steel Mill Dust-An Overview of Available Technologies

Yang Xue et al.

Summary: The global shortage of zinc mines has made the extraction of zinc from zinc-containing wastes a popular research topic, especially in the case of steel mill dust (SMD). The large amount of SMD produced poses challenges for steel plants such as environmental pollution, health issues, and land scarcity. Various methods have been developed to recover metals from SMD and these methods are compared in terms of energy consumption, process complexity, and industrial application. The study identifies ways to recover zinc from SMD and suggests the utilization of the resulting residue as raw material for ironmaking.

MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanochemical Lithium Extraction and Zeolite Synthesis from End-of-Life Glass-Ceramics

Tobias Necke et al.

Summary: This paper introduces a novel alkaline mechanochemical approach for lithium recycling from end-of-life glass-ceramics, achieving high yields of lithium extraction and efficient desilication. By adding phosphoric acid, lithium can be recovered with high purity, while each byproduct has designated applications. Moreover, the synthesized zeolites show potential as adsorbents for heavy metal ion removal from aqueous solutions.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Lithium production, electricity consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions: An imperious role of economic globalization

Khurram Shehzad et al.

Summary: China has turned to electric vehicles to address greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. Despite the impact of the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, electric vehicle sales in China increased by 8% compared to 2019. This increase is expected to reach its peak in 2030, leading to a significant rise in electricity usage. As China generates 65% of its electricity from coal, this increase has sparked a new debate among scholars in energy management and environmental economics. An investigation into lithium production, electricity usage, and economic globalization revealed their imperative impact on carbon footprints in China. The study also tested the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), finding the significant role of electricity usage and economic globalization in greenhouse gas emissions in China, while lithium production showed weak and inconsequential findings. Detailed policy inferences and long-term policy implications are discussed in the conclusion and discussion sections, respectively.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2022)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Current status of the technology for utilizing difficult-to-treat dust and sludge produced from the steel industry

Yan Li et al.

Summary: This paper summarizes the chemical composition, phase composition, and particle size distribution characteristics of steel metallurgical dust and sludge, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of conventional treatment methods. In response to resource shortage and environmental protection requirements, a technical solution of pyroenrichment-wetseparation-multi-process coupling extraction and complete recycling is proposed, and the development of collaborative extraction technology for scattered elements is suggested.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Life cycle assessment of zinc and iron recovery from spent pickling acids by membrane-based solvent extraction and electrowinning

Andrea Arguillarena et al.

Summary: This paper conducted a life cycle assessment to evaluate the environmental performance of the valorization of spent pickling acid generated in the hot-dip galvanizing process. The results showed that the implementation of the LIFE2ACID technology significantly improved the environmental performance of SPA management. The technology converted most of the impact categories into environmental benefits and reduced the global warming impact.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Mechanism and process for the extraction of lithium from the high magnesium brine with N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-methoxyacetamide in kerosene and FeCl3

Lianmin Ji et al.

Summary: A novel amide system containing N,N-bis (2-ethylhexyl)-2-methoxyacetamide (NBEHMOA), FeCl3 6H(2)O, and sulfonated kerosene was proposed for continuous extraction of lithium chloride from brines with high Mg/Li ratio. NBEHMOA showed higher and more stable Li+ and H+ extraction efficiency compared to conventional TBP and N523. The counter-current extraction process achieved high Li+ extraction efficiency and Li+ concentration in the stripping solution. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the coordination mechanism between NBEHMOA and metal ions.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Recovery of lithium from salt lake brine with high Na/Li ratio using solvent extraction

Licheng Zhang et al.

Summary: Efficient separation of lithium from salt lake brine with high Na/Li ratio is crucial for the development of new energy industry. In this study, a HBTA/TRPO extraction process was proposed and optimized, demonstrating its effectiveness and stability through equilibrium experiments and theoretical calculations.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2022)

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Article Environmental Studies

The future of lithium-ion batteries: Exploring expert conceptions, market trends, and price scenarios

Hadrien Bajolle et al.

Summary: This article uses qualitative interviews with LIB experts to reveal three main narratives regarding the decrease in battery prices. The first narrative suggests rapid price stabilization due to insufficient raw material supply. The second narrative predicts that prices will soon stop decreasing, but does not foresee physical shortages. The third narrative considers the disruption of the market by new technologies, such as solid-state batteries, which could lead to further price decreases even in the long run.

ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Review of Lithium Production and Recovery from Minerals, Brines, and Lithium-Ion Batteries

Fei Meng et al.

Summary: This paper discusses the importance of extraction and recycling of lithium, a critical element in LIBs, as well as methods and industry standards for recovery from different sources. The article points out the potential supply crisis in the future and the need for sustainable recycling technologies.

MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A corona-electrostatic technology for zinc and brass recovery from the coarse fraction of the recycling process of spent alkaline and zinc - carbon batteries

Laur Calin et al.

Summary: The paper presents a new technology based on corona-electrostatic separation for recovering zinc and brass granules from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries. The technology achieves high recovery rates and purity for the metallic fraction. By improving the electrode configuration, the recovery rate of the non-metallic fraction and the purity of the metallic fraction can be significantly increased.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Selective regeneration of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries using ionic substitution stimulated by mechanochemistry

Mengmeng Wang et al.

Summary: The research introduces an acid-free method for selectively recovering lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries through ion substitution stimulated by mechanochemistry. The study successfully demonstrated the regeneration of Li2CO3 from various cathode materials of spent LIBs using a sustainable recycling process involving NaCl, SiO2, and Na2CO3, providing a green solution for LIBs recycling.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

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Article Thermodynamics

Kinetics and thermodynamical evaluation of electrode material of discarded lithium-ion batteries and its impact on recycling

Sanjay Pindar et al.

Summary: The investigation of decomposition thermodynamics and kinetics of active electrode materials in discarded lithium-ion batteries is crucial for the development of recycling techniques. Understanding thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics can aid in improving thermal response and guide the design of thermal recycling processes. Simple processing methods including reduction, water leaching, and magnetic separation were used for metallic recovery, with the recovery of lithium reaching about 80%.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

A closed-loop process for selective lithium recovery from brines via electrochemical and precipitation

Dongfu Liu et al.

Summary: This study developed a closed-loop process for efficient recovery of lithium from brines and production of high-purity Li2CO3, achieving energy efficiency and minimal waste generation.

DESALINATION (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Extraction of lithium from Chinese salt-lake brines by membranes: Design and practice

Shanshan Xu et al.

Summary: This review article summarizes membrane technologies for lithium extraction from Chinese salt-lake brines, including membrane extraction, nanofiltration, lithium ion-sieve, electrodialysis, and forward osmosis. The focus is on achieving high selectivity and adsorption capacity for lithium extraction, as well as proposing carbon neutral FO for concentrating lithium-enriched brines. The strategies discussed in this article aim to address the urgent need for efficient lithium extraction from high MLR brines.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A fast-ion conducting interface enabled by aluminum silicate fibers for stable Li metal batteries

Zhijin Ju et al.

Summary: By constructing a fast-ion conducting interface using ASO fibers, safety hazards caused by the growth of Li dendrites on the Li metal anode can be addressed, leading to a stable long-term lifespan. When paired with ASO, the cell can achieve over 500 cycles with reduced capacity degradation.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Development of a novel solvent extraction process using citric acid for lithium-ion battery recycling

Tiaan Punt et al.

Summary: Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries is essential for providing secondary sources of scarce metals and reducing environmental impact. Citric acid has been proven to be an effective lixiviant for complexing with LIB metals and achieving high dissolution rates.

MINERALS ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Recycling of a spent alkaline battery as a catalyst for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons

Young-Kwon Park et al.

Summary: Recycling spent alkaline batteries as catalysts for the total oxidation of hydrocarbons shows potential, with acid treatments significantly influencing the catalyst activity. Among the different acids used, sulfuric acid demonstrated the highest activity. The performance of the acid-treated catalyst was associated with high concentrations of manganese and iron as well as a large BET surface area.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Influence of bottom blowing oxygen on dust emission in converter steelmaking

Wei-feng Li et al.

Summary: The study found that reducing dust emissions in the steelmaking process can be achieved by lowering the lance position and that dust emission rate is proportional to the decarburization rate. The bottom blowing O-2-CaO steelmaking converter technology can reduce dust emissions and improve iron recovery rate.

JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Innovative zinc-based batteries

Niklas Borchers et al.

Summary: The demand for high-performance, affordable, and safe energy storage solutions is increasing, particularly with the incorporation of fluctuating electricity sources in the electric grid. Zinc batteries are considered particularly environmentally friendly due to their use of abundant raw materials and ease of recyclability, as well as their high energy densities.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Energy, greenhouse gas, and water life cycle analysis of lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide monohydrate from brine and ore resources and their use in lithium ion battery cathodes and lithium ion batteries

Jarod C. Kelly et al.

Summary: The study found that lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide monohydrate produced from brine resources had lower life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater consumption per tonne compared to those produced from ore resources. Different lithium sources had an impact of up to 20% to 45% on greenhouse gas emissions for battery cathode materials and complete batteries.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Treasure from trash: Mining critical metals from waste and unconventional sources

Antony van der Ent et al.

Summary: To meet future technological demands, agromining can be used to develop unconventional metal resources and efficiently produce critical metals in a sustainable manner.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Study on adsorption extraction process of lithium ion from West Taijinar brine by shaped titanium-based lithium ion sieves

Xuanlin Zhu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the shaped titanium-based lithium ion sieve significantly increases the adsorption capacity of Li+ from West Taijinar brine after ammonia adjustment. The adsorption behavior can be described by the Freundlich model and the Mixed Order kinetic model, and the addition of NH3 center dot H2O accelerates the adsorption mass transfer rate at the active site, enhancing the occurrence of ion exchange adsorption for Li+.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Investigation of indium and other valuable metals leaching from unground waste LCD screens by organic and inorganic acid leaching

Jonas Schuster et al.

Summary: Recovering indium from spent untreated liquid crystal display (LCD) screens through inorganic and organic leaching methods can achieve high extraction efficiency, with 1 M H2SO4 showing the best leaching effect in 48 hours, while organic acids are less effective under these conditions. It is important to note that the organic layer in LCD screens may affect further recycling stages, and elements such as aluminum, zinc, and tin were identified in the leachate alongside indium.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Selective separation of lithium from the high magnesium brine by the extraction system containing phosphate-based ionic liquids

Ruibing Bai et al.

Summary: A novel solvent extraction system was developed to reduce the difficulty of lithium extraction from salt lake brines with high Mg/Li ratio, achieving 61% Li+ extraction efficiency and 90% Li+ stripping ratio under optimal conditions. Mechanisms of lithium extraction and stripping were proposed based on experimental results, FT-IR analysis, and UV analysis, showing promising performance in selective extraction and easy stripping.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc and valuable metals from electric arc furnace dust - A review

Jie Wang et al.

Summary: Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a kind of metallurgical solid waste with huge production, and how to efficiently recover valuable metals from it has become the aim of various treatment processes. This paper discusses the physical and chemical properties of EAFD, as well as various treatment processes and the properties of the metals obtained from them. It provides theoretical guidance and practical reference for the treatment and utilization of EAFD.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Pyrometallurgical options for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review

Brian Makuza et al.

Summary: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of pyrometallurgical options for recycling spent LIBs, including thermal pretreatment methods and extractive pyrometallurgical options. It summarizes recent examples of laboratory and industrial-scale recycling processes and also discusses battery recycling legislation, challenges, and future outlook for recycling LIBs.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

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Article Environmental Studies

The impact of climate policy implementation on lithium, cobalt and nickel demand: The case of the Dutch automotive sector up to 2040

Chen Tang et al.

Summary: The Dutch national climate agreement aims for a 49% decrease in GHG emissions by 2030, with passenger vehicles required to reduce emissions by 30%. The study shows a significant increase in demand for metals such as lithium and nickel due to the rapid growth of electric vehicles, with cobalt demand expected to decrease after 2030. Increasing EV driving range and battery replacements will drive up metal demand, while extending battery lifetime could reduce it.

RESOURCES POLICY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Hydrometallurgical enhanced liberation and recovery of anode material from spent lithium-ion batteries

Jinlong Li et al.

Summary: This study presents a novel and green method to efficiently recycle lithium, copper foil, and graphite from spent anode material (SAM) using water leaching treatment. Under optimal conditions, 100% of graphite was exfoliated and a 92.82% leaching efficiency of lithium was achieved.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Li+ adsorption performance and mechanism using lithium/aluminum layered double hydroxides in low grade brines

Jing Zhong et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that Li/Al-LDHs prepared by a simple method exhibited a high Li+ adsorption capacity and stability under a high Mg/Li ratio, with strong selective adsorption to Li+ and excellent performance in adsorption/desorption cycles.

DESALINATION (2021)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Global soil pollution by toxic elements: Current status and future perspectives on the risk assessment and remediation strategies-A review

Shamshad Khan et al.

Summary: This article reviews the current state of toxic elements in soils globally, discusses remediation methods and future prospects. It concludes that in-situ remediation approaches are more cost-effective and suitable for soils contaminated with toxic elements.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A novel process on the recovery of zinc and manganese from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries

Xianfeng Hu et al.

Summary: By pyrometallurgically treating black mass materials from spent alkaline and zinc-carbon batteries, valuable Mn-Zn, ZnO, and MnO products are produced for applications such as micronutrient fertilizer, zinc metal, and manganese alloy. This proposed scenario significantly enhances the recovery efficiency of the batteries.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion battery recycling using pyrometallurgical technologies

Mohammad Ali Rajaeifar et al.

Summary: This study analyzed and compared three pyrometallurgical technologies for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries in terms of global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Results show that shifting to DC plasma technology could significantly reduce the environmental impacts. Factors such as metal recovery rates and energy intensity of the electricity grid affect the results, but the best option remains the same.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Recovering water from lithium-rich brines by a fractionation process based on membrane distillation-crystallization

Amanda Cerda et al.

Summary: In recent years, lithium production has been increasing to meet growing market demand. However, the current production process results in significant water loss, highlighting the need for new technologies to improve water management. A novel fractionation method based on membrane distillation-crystallization process has been proposed in this study, aiming to concentrate and purify lithium brine while recovering fresh water.

JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING (2021)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Pyrometallurgical Technology in the Recycling of a Spent Lithium Ion Battery: Evolution and the Challenge

Mingxian Zhou et al.

Summary: The rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry has led to a flourishing market for lithium ion batteries, but the large number of spent lithium ion batteries (SLIBs) that follow may pose environmental challenges. Pyrometallurgical technology, with its low raw material requirements and minimal waste production, is well-suited for large-scale industrial recycling of SLIBs. This article reviews the development of pyrometallurgical technologies for processing key components of SLIBs and discusses the potential for high-value utilization and overall resource recovery in the future.

ACS ES&T ENGINEERING (2021)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Technologies of lithium recycling from waste lithium ion batteries: a review

Hyuntae Bae et al.

Summary: The consumption of lithium-based materials has doubled in eight years due to the surge in demand for lithium applications, such as lithium-ion batteries. The market size for lithium-ion batteries has grown steadily to $40 billion, with lithium extracted from natural minerals and brines. Despite an 18% increase in lithium consumption from 2018 to 2019, limited reserves may lead to depletion, prompting the development of lithium recycling technologies. However, less than 1 percent of lithium is currently recycled, underscoring the need for future improvement in recycling technologies.

MATERIALS ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Understanding the future of lithium: Part 1, resource model

Hanjiro Ambrose et al.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (2020)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Understanding the future of lithium: Part 2, temporally and spatially resolved life-cycle assessment modeling

Hanjiro Ambrose et al.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Lithium recovery from artificial brine using energy-efficient membrane distillation and nanofiltration

Sang Hyun Park et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Sandwiched liquid-membrane electrodialysis: Lithium selective recovery from salt lake brines with high Mg/Li ratio

Zhongwei Zhao et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Extraction of lithium from brines with high Mg/Li ratio by the crystallization-precipitation method

Xianrong Lai et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2020)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Enriching lithium and separating lithium to magnesium from sulfate type salt lake brine

Xuheng Liu et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Incineration of EV Lithium-ion batteries as a pretreatment for recycling - Determination of the potential formation of hazardous by-products and effects on metal compounds

Gabriele Lombardo et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Separation of lithium, cobalt and nickel from spent lithium-ion batteries using TBP and imidazolium-based ionic liquids

Guillaume Zante et al.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Extraction of nickel and cobalt from a laterite ore using the carbothermic reduction roasting-ammoniacal leaching process

Sadia Ilyas et al.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Turning carbon-ZnMn2O4 powder in primary battery waste to be an effective active material for long cycling life supercapacitors: In situ gas analysis

Sethuraman Sathyamoorthi et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2020)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Separation of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery leach liquors by ionic liquid extraction using Cyphos IL-101

Lei Xu et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2020)

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Review Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Critical review on secondary zinc resources and their recycling technologies

Muammer Kaya et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Pyrometallurgical recycling of Li-ion, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries: A minireview

Mohammad Assefi et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Lithium carbonate recovery from brines using membrane electrolysis

Walter R. Torres et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2020)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Pyrometallurgical removal of zinc from basic oxygen steelmaking dust - A review of best available technology

Daniel J. C. Stewart et al.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Application of concentration-dependent HSDM to the lithium adsorption from brine in fixed bed columns

Huixiong Jiang et al.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recent progress in sustainable and energy-efficient technologies for sinter production in the iron and steel industry

Zhilong Cheng et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Comparison of three different bioleaching systems for Li recovery from lepidolite

J. Sedlakova-Kadukova et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Stepwise Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by Controllable Reduction and Selective Leaching and Precipitation

Yingchao Zhang et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recovery of Lithium from Simulated Secondary Resources (LiCO3) through Solvent Extraction

Pattamart Waengwan et al.

SUSTAINABILITY (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Hydrometallurgical Process and Economic Evaluation for Recovery of Zinc and Manganese from Spent Alkaline Batteries

Lan-Huong Tran et al.

METALS (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Lithium extraction from synthetic brine with high Mg2+/Li+ ratio using the polymer inclusion membrane

Chengyi Zhang et al.

DESALINATION (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Zinc recovery from Waste-to-Energy fly ash - A pilot test study

Karin Karlfeldt Fedje et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2020)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

The use of carbon-dioxide to enhance the solvent extraction of zinc from ammonia leaching solutions of blast furnace dust

Xingguo Luo et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2020)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Hydrometallurgical stepwise recovery of copper and zinc from smelting slag of waste brass in ammonium chloride solution

Zhimei Xia et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2020)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Hydrometallurgical Processes for the Recovery of Metals from Steel Industry By-Products: A Critical Review

Koen Binnemans et al.

JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY (2020)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Selective recovery of lithium from simulated brine using different organic synergist

Huifang Li et al.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Selective leaching of zinc from electric arc furnace dust by a hydrothermal reduction method in a sodium hydroxide system

Duchao Zhang et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Selective extraction of lithium (Li) and preparation of battery grade lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) from spent Li-ion batteries in nitrate system

Chao Peng et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2019)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Separation and recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium ion batteries: Simultaneous recovery of Li and Co in a single step

Xiangping Chen et al.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Utilization of blast furnace sludge for the removal of zinc from steelmaking dusts using microwave heating

Mamdouh Omran et al.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sustainable and Facile Method for the Selective Recovery of Lithium from Cathode Scrap of Spent LiFePO4 Batteries

Jialiang Zhang et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Closed-loop hydrometallurgical treatment of end-of-life lithium ion batteries: Towards zero-waste process and metal recycling in advanced batteries

Thomas Abo Atia et al.

JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

A more simple and efficient process for recovery of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries with citric acid

Min Yu et al.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Recovery of valuable metals from lepidolite by atmosphere leaching and kinetics on dissolution of lithium

Jin-lian Liu et al.

TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2019)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

A Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Anode and Cathode Materials Derived from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Guangwen Zhang et al.

SUSTAINABILITY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Promising transport and high-selective separation of Li(I) from Na(I) and K(I) by a functional polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) system

Chunqing Cai et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2019)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Chemical leaching, precipitation and solvent extraction for sequential separation of valuable metals in cathode material of spent lithium ion batteries

Yu-Jen Shih et al.

JOURNAL OF THE TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS (2019)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Systematic review of lithium extraction from salt-lake brines via precipitation approaches

Ye Zhang et al.

MINERALS ENGINEERING (2019)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Review of leaching behavior of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ash

Hongwei Luo et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2019)

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Article Thermodynamics

Recovery of lithium from alkaline brine by solvent extraction with functionalized ionic liquid

Shicheng Yang et al.

FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA (2019)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

A novel precipitant for separating lithium from magnesium in high Mg/Li ratio brine

Ye Zhang et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2019)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Hydrometallurgical processes for Waelz oxide valorisation - An overview

N. Antunano et al.

PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION (2019)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

The application of nanofiltration membrane for recovering lithium from salt lake brine

Yan Li et al.

DESALINATION (2019)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Comparative life cycle analysis for value recovery of precious metals and rare earth elements from electronic waste

Zhen Li et al.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2019)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Selective recovery of zinc from zinc oxide dust using choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents

Xiao-lin Zhu et al.

TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2019)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Enhanced acid treatment to extract lithium from lepidolite with a fluorine-based chemical method

Hui Guo et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2019)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

The beneficiation of lithium minerals from hard rock ores: A review

Bogale Tadesse et al.

MINERALS ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Acoustics

Lithium carbonate recovery from lithium-containing solution by ultrasound assisted precipitation

Chunlong Zhao et al.

ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Recovery of industrial valuable metals from household battery waste

Burcak Ebin et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Environmentally benign process for selective recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by using conventional sulfation roasting

Jiao Lin et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Recovery of zinc and manganese from spent zinc-carbon and alkaline battery mixtures via selective leaching and crystallization processes

Bayram Andak et al.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2019)

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Article Electrochemistry

Recycling of Alkaline Batteries via a Carbothermal Reduction Process

Selcuk Yesiltepe et al.

BATTERIES-BASEL (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Advancements in the treatment and processing of electronic waste with sustainability: a review of metal extraction and recovery technologies

Emily Hsu et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2019)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

A review on management of spent lithium ion batteries and strategy for resource recycling of all components from them

Wenxuan Zhang et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Sustainable recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries using DL-malic acid: Leaching and kinetics aspect

Conghao Sun et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (2018)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Extraction of lithium from β-spodumene using sodium sulfate solution

Ge Kuang et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2018)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Thermodynamic study on recovery of lithium using phosphate precipitation method

Chao Xiao et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2018)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Recovery of lithium carbonate by acid digestion and hydrornetallurgical processing from mechanically activated lepidolite

Nathalia Vieceli et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2018)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Recovery of lithium and cobalt from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) using organic acids as leaching reagents: A review

Rabeeh Golmohammadzadeh et al.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Environmental impacts of phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater

A. Amann et al.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Recovery of value-added products from cathode and anode material of spent lithium-ion batteries

Subramanian Natarajan et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Critical Review and Analysis on the Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Weiguang Lv et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Waste Management System for Batteries

Monica Leba et al.

SUSTAINABILITY (2018)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Lithium-Ion Batteries NMC Cathode Waste Materials by Hydrometallurgical Methods

Wei-Sheng Chen et al.

METALS (2018)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Zinc Recovery from Steelmaking Dust by Hydrometallurgical Methods

Piotr Palimaka et al.

METALS (2018)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Preparation and Characterization of Manganese and Zinc Oxides Recovered from Spent Alkaline and Zn/C Batteries Using Biogenerated Sulfuric Acid as Leaching Agent

Maria V. Gallegos et al.

JOM (2018)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

The utilization of zinc recovered from alkaline battery waste as metal precursor in the synthesis of metal-organic framework

Kowsalya Vellingiri et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recycled Lithium from Simulated Pyrometallurgical Slag by Chlorination Roasting

Hui Dang et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hydrometallurgical Processes for Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Critical Review

Yonglin Yao et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2018)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Lithium Carbonate Recovery from Cathode Scrap of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Closed-Loop Process

Wenfang Gao et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Cathodes of spent Li-ion batteries: Dissolution with phosphoric acid and recovery of lithium and cobalt from leach liquors

Eliana G. Pinna et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2017)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Integrated process for lithium recovery from zinnwaldite

Gunther Martin et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERAL PROCESSING (2017)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Life cycle assessment of the hydrometallurgical zinc production chain in China

Congcong Qi et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2017)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Lithium recovery from lithium-containing micas using sulfur oxidizing microorganisms

S. Reichel et al.

MINERALS ENGINEERING (2017)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Recovery and recycling of lithium: A review

Basudev Swain

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2017)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Investigation of zinc recovery by hydrogen reduction assisted pyrolysis of alkaline and zinc-carbon battery waste

Burcak Ebin et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2017)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Enhanced recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries through optimization of organic acids produced by Aspergillus niger

Nazanin Bahaloo-Horeh et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2017)

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Article Geochemistry & Geophysics

Recovery Process of Li, Al and Si from Lepidolite by Leaching with HF

Gustavo D. Rosales et al.

MINERALS (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Lithium market research - global supply, future demand and price development

Gunther Martin et al.

ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS (2017)

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Proceedings Paper Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Recovery Zinc and Manganese from Spent Battery Powder by Hydrometallurgical Route

Wei-Sheng Chen et al.

3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH, ICEER 2016 (2017)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Recovery of zinc from a low-grade zinc oxide ore with high silicon by sulfuric acid curing and water leaching

Yadong Zhang et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2016)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Recovery of zinc from industrial waste pickling liquor

Abhishek Pathak et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2016)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Separation and purification of lithium by solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane, analysis of their mechanism: a review

Basudev Swain

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2016)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Bioleaching of valuable metals Li, Co, Ni and Mn from spent electric vehicle Li-ion batteries for the purpose of recovery

Yayun Xin et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2016)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Environmentally-friendly oxygen-free roasting/wet magnetic separation technology for in situ recycling cobalt, lithium carbonate and graphite from spent LiCoO2/graphite lithium batteries

Jia Li et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2016)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Mixed matrix nanofiber as a flow-through membrane adsorber for continuous Li+ recovery from seawater

Myoung Jun Park et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Solvent extraction of lithium ions by tri-n-butyl phosphate using a room temperature ionic liquid

Chenglong Shi et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2016)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Utilization of automotive shredder residues in a thermal process for recovery of manganese and zinc from zinc-carbon and alkaline spent batteries

N. M. Ippolito et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2016)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Production of zinc and manganese oxide particles by pyrolysis of alkaline and Zn-C battery waste

Burcak Ebin et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2016)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Leaching lithium from the anode electrode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries by hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Yang Guo et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2016)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

A facile chemical route for recovery of high quality zinc oxide nanoparticles from spent alkaline batteries

Akash Deep et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Extraction of zinc from blast furnace dust in ammonia leaching system

Aiyuan Ma et al.

GREEN PROCESSING AND SYNTHESIS (2016)

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Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Selective process of zinc extraction from spent Zn-MnO2 batteries by ammonium chloride leaching

C. A. Nogueira et al.

HYDROMETALLURGY (2015)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Zinc recovery during refractory ore biooxidation by an indigenous consortium

N. Marchevsky et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERAL PROCESSING (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Succinic acid-based leaching system: A sustainable process for recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries

Li Li et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2015)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps of lithium-ion batteries: Process optimization and kinetics analysis

Xihua Zhang et al.

SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Separation of magnesium and lithium from brine using a Desal nanofiltration membrane

Shu-Ying Sun et al.

JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING (2015)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

The Separation and Recovery of Nickel and Lithium from the Sulfate Leach Liquor of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries using PC-88A

Viet Tu Nguyen et al.

KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Lithium recovery from salt lake brine by H2TiO3

Ramesh Chitrakar et al.

DALTON TRANSACTIONS (2014)

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Review Energy & Fuels

Occurrence and sources of zinc in fuels

Frida Jones et al.

FUEL (2014)

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