Investigation on the stability, thermal conductivity and viscosity of MXene/water nanofluids and development of ANN models

Nanofluids with excellent thermal performance have shown huge application potential. Two-dimensional nanomaterial MXenes have received wide attention for their high aspect ratio, structural flexibility and hydrophilicity, but studies on MXene-based nanofluids are inadequate. In this work, the stability, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of MXene/water nanofluids were systematically investigated, and thermophysical prediction models were developed. It was found that adding anhydrous sodium citrate and prolonging ultrasonication time to 60 min improved the stability significantly. When the temperature reached 60 degrees C, the thermal conductivity of 0.1 wt% freshly prepared nanofluid increased by 27.41% versus that of water. Surprisingly, the viscosity remained almost constant over the range of 0-0.1 wt%. The artificial neural network models revealed that 96.8% of the relative errors for thermal conductivity and viscosity were within & PLUSMN; 1.5% and & PLUSMN; 5% respectively, indicating a satisfactory agreement between predicted and experimental values. This study is expected to create new routes for the advancement of nanofluids.

Automated summary

In this study, the stability, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of MXene/water nanofluids were systematically investigated, and thermophysical prediction models were developed. It was found that adding anhydrous sodium citrate and prolonging ultrasonication time to 60 min significantly improved the stability. The thermal conductivity of 0.1 wt% freshly prepared nanofluid increased by 27.41% at a temperature of 60 degrees C compared to water. Surprisingly, the viscosity remained almost constant over the range of 0-0.1 wt%. Artificial neural network models showed a satisfactory agreement between predicted and experimental values for thermal conductivity and viscosity, with relative errors within ±1.5% and ±5% respectively. This study is expected to contribute to the advancement of nanofluids.