Extraction of microfibrillated cellulose from elephant egesta and evaluating its reinforcing ability in pectin/alginate packaging films

Pectin and sodium alginate (SA) composite films were prepared by adding various concentrations of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) via solvent casting using glycerol as a plasticizer. Herein, elephant egesta was turned into cellulose fibers from which MFC was extracted. This paper aims to examine the reinforcing property of MFC on the pectin/SA matrix. Fibrous morphology, qualitative analysis, crystallinity, and thermal stability of MFC were confirmed through SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA-DTA analysis, respectively. The impact of various compositions of MFC (0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 5%) on the biopolymeric blend was analyzed based on mechanical and optical properties, hygroscopicity, and hydrophilicity. The outcomes revealed that adding MFC to 5% enhances the film's tensile strength by 51%. The produced film also served as a successful barrier against UV-visible light. Moreover, it exhibits a tremendous increase in contact angle and a decrease in properties such as elongation at break, moisture content (MC) and water solubility (WS). Therefore, MFC can be an excellent reinforcing agent in biodegradable polymer composites, which finds application in the food packaging industry.Highlights Microfibrillated cellulose was successfully extracted from elephant egesta and characterized. Energy efficient method of extraction. Pectin/SA films were incorporated with the extracted MFC via solvent casting. Prepared films show enhanced tensile strength and UV-visible barrier property which makes them suitable for packaging purposes. Bio-based polymers reduce environmental pollution.

Automated summary

In this study, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was successfully extracted from elephant egesta and incorporated into pectin and sodium alginate (SA) composite films. The addition of MFC improved the tensile strength and UV-visible barrier property of the films. This research highlights the potential of MFC as a reinforcing agent in biodegradable polymer composites for food packaging applications.