Hydrogen bonding network formation in epoxidized natural rubber

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Self-healing epoxidized natural rubber with ionic/coordination crosslinks

Zhou Gong et al.

Summary: The rational design of combining epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with ionic and coordination supramolecular hybrid bond network provides a self-healing polymer with strong mechanical robustness and superior self-healing ability.

MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Healable, recyclable and mechanically robust elastomers with multiple dynamic cross-linking bonds

Wei Liu et al.

Summary: A novel self-healing epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with high tensile strength has been developed by using a simple crosslinking strategy with a cross-linker consisting of triple dynamic covalent bonds. The ENR exhibits a high self-healing efficiency without external force and can be recycled multiple times.

POLYMER (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Transformation of Epoxidized Natural Rubber into Ionomers by Grafting of 1H-Imidazolium Ion and Development of a Dynamic Reversible Network

Subhradeep Mandal et al.

Summary: Epoxidized natural rubber can be modified by grafting imidazolium ions, which gives it self-healing and reprocessing properties. The formation of dynamic hydrogen bonding and ionic aggregates leads to improved mechanical strength, self-healing efficiency, and reprocessability. Additionally, the material exhibits excellent transparency. Visualization and stability of the healing process were confirmed through microscopy and spectroscopy analyses.

ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Mechanically Robust and Recyclable Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Cross-Linked via Cu2+-Nitrogen Coordination Bond after a Tetrazine Click Reaction

Qiang Wang et al.

Summary: Through a tetrazine click reaction and coordination with Cu2+, nitrogen-containing groups were successfully introduced into SBR chains, forming a coordination cross-link network for enhanced strength and toughness. Unlike conventional vulcanizing agents and accelerators, this material can be reprocessed and recycled due to the reversible nature of metal-ligand bonds.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Dual-Responsive Self-Healable Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Based on Dynamic Diels-Alder Click Chemistry and Disulfide Metathesis Reaction

Shrabana Sarkar et al.

Summary: The study introduces a smart-functionalized carboxylated nitrile rubber with excellent self-healing ability and tensile strength through dynamic phototriggered disulfide metathesis and thermoreversible Diels-Alder click chemistry. The crosslinked rubber shows an impressive self-healing efficiency of approximately 88% with a tensile strength of around 10 MPa, while maintaining its oil-resistance property. This recyclable material marks a new direction for sustainable development in NBR elastomers.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Alleviating Molecular-Scale Damages in Silica-Reinforced Natural Rubber Compounds by a Self-Healing Modifier

Bashir Algaily et al.

Summary: The study found that the property retentions of silica-reinforced natural rubber vulcanizates are significantly enhanced with increasing EMZ content at elevated treatment temperatures, possibly due to reversible linkages provided by EMZ modifier leading to the intermolecular reparation of rubber network. Furthermore, a thermal annealing treatment of damaged vulcanizates at a high temperature, such as 120 degrees C, substantially improves the property recovery degree, mainly because of the transesterification reaction of ester crosslinks adjacent to molecular damages.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

First-Time Investigations on Cavitation in Rubber Parts Subjected to Constrained Tension Using In Situ Synchrotron X-Ray Microtomography (SRμCT)

Eric Euchler et al.

Summary: Research reveals that cavitation is a critical failure phenomenon in rubber parts under constrained tension. The use of SRμCT technology allows for the analysis of the damaging mechanism of cavitation in rubber and the identification of tiny satellite cavities.

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

Design and fabrication of mechanically strong and self-healing rubbers via metal-ligand coordination bonds as dynamic crosslinks

Liming Cao et al.

Summary: By introducing pyridine ligands and constructing dynamic Fe3+-pyridine coordination bonds, the rubber exhibits efficient self-healing behavior and enhanced mechanical properties. Under specific molar ratios, the tensile strength and modulus of the rubber significantly increase, with a healing efficiency of up to 87%. Furthermore, the conductive rubber with embedded conductive materials shows sensitive strain sensing behavior.

COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Toughening, recyclable and healable nitrile rubber based on multi-coordination crosslink networks after tetrazine click reaction

Qiang Wang et al.

Summary: A novel multi-coordination crosslink network was designed for modified NBR composite materials, resulting in ultra-high mechanical strength and toughness, as well as high recyclable and heat-healing efficiency.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Composites

A Self-Healing System Based on Ester Crosslinks for Carbon Black-Filled Rubber Compounds

Bashir Algaily et al.

Summary: The study investigated the influence of the EMZ modifier on the properties of carbon black-reinforced rubber compounds for tire sidewalls. Results showed that the EMZ modifier enhanced filler-rubber interactions, leading to improved homogeneity and fatigue resistance of the composites. This indicates a potential for the EMZ modifier to provide reversible ester linkages and enhance property retentions through a bond-interchange mechanism of crosslinks.

JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Controlled Release of Metal Ion Cross-Linkers and Development of Self-Healable Epoxidized Natural Rubber

Subhradeep Mandal et al.

Summary: Chemical cross-linking of rubber significantly modifies the physical properties of the polymer, making it suitable for high-performance products; sulfur or peroxide cross-linking is the conventional method of vulcanization in rubber industries; utilizing mixed metal ions and diamine to prepare self-healable rubber is a promising approach to fulfill the growing demand for durable, high-performance rubber products.

ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science