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Mosaic Loss of Y Chromosome in White Blood Cells: Its Impact on Men's Health

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Mendelian Randomisation Confirms the Role of Y-Chromosome Loss in Alzheimer's Disease Aetiopathogenesis in Men

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Summary: Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) is a common somatic event associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be age-confounded in genome-wide association studies. This study used Mendelian randomisation to construct an age-independent mLOY polygenic risk score (mloy-PRS) and found that higher genetic risk for mLOY was associated with faster progression to AD in men with mild cognitive impairment. The study suggests that mLOY is involved in AD pathogenesis and shows associations with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.

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Genetic variation in the Y chromosome and sex-biased DNA methylation in somatic cells in the mouse

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Summary: Several lines of evidence suggest that the presence of the Y chromosome influences DNA methylation of autosomal loci. In this study, we identified Y chromosome dependent differentially methylated regions (yDMRs) in mice and found that most of the yDMRs were located in transposable elements (TEs) and had lower methylation in XY mice compared to XX or XO mice. Further analyses showed that genetic variation in the Y chromosome influenced methylation levels of autosomal regions.

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Mosaic loss of Y chromosome in monocytes is associated with lower survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Silvia Mas-Peiro et al.

Summary: This study found that mosaic loss of Y chromosome (LOY) in blood cells is associated with significantly impaired long-term survival even after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). LOY induces cardiac fibrosis, mimicking the consequences of aortic valve stenosis, and is related to age-related diseases. The study also identified a pro-fibrotic gene signature in LOY monocytes. These findings highlight the importance of LOY in TAVR and provide new insights for targeted therapies based on LOY-induced cardiac fibrosis.

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Mosaic loss of chromosome Y promotes leukemogenesis and clonal hematopoiesis

Qi Zhang et al.

Summary: Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) is a common chromosome alteration in adult males and is associated with hematopoietic malignancies and other diseases. By using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, researchers generated mLOY in mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and found that it increased DNA damage and promoted acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in mice. The loss of KDM5D, a chromosome Y-specific histone 3 lysine 4 demethylase, partially reproduced the effects of mLOY in DNA damage and leukemogenesis.

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Loss of Y in leukocytes as a risk factor for critical COVID-19 in men

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Summary: The study reveals a correlation between loss of chromosome Y (LOY) and the severity of COVID-19, particularly in its impact on immune cell functions. This may explain the male bias for more severe cases of COVID-19.

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Hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome leads to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure mortality

Soichi Sano et al.

Summary: This study finds that hematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) is associated with increased risk of mortality and age-related diseases in men. The animal experiment results show that male mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells lacking the Y chromosome display increased mortality and age-related profibrotic pathologies including reduced cardiac function. Further research reveals that cardiac macrophages lacking the Y chromosome exhibit polarization toward a more fibrotic phenotype, and treatment with a specific antibody can alleviate cardiac dysfunction. A prospective study also reveals that mLOY in blood is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and heart failure-associated mortality.

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Mosaic loss of Chromosome Y in aged human microglia

Michael C. Vermeulen et al.

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Genomic alterations in patients with somatic loss of the Y chromosome as the sole cytogenetic finding in bone marrow cells

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Summary: The study findings suggest that a proportion of >= 75% LOY in bone marrow cells is associated with molecular aberrations in genes commonly seen in myeloid neoplasia and morphological features of MDS, indicating that it should be considered an MDS-associated cytogenetic aberration.

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Immune cells lacking Y chromosome show dysregulation of autosomal gene expression

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Summary: Epidemiological investigations have shown that mosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in leukocytes is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in men. Studies on sorted and single cells revealed significant variations in the presence of LOY across cell types and individuals, suggesting potential pleiotropic effects on gene expression and immune function.

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GIGYF1 loss of function is associated with clonal mosaicism and adverse metabolic health

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Leukocytes with chromosome Y loss have reduced abundance of the cell surface immunoprotein CD99

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Longitudinal changes in the frequency of mosaic chromosome Y loss in peripheral blood cells of aging men varies profoundly between individuals

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