4.7 Review

Integrins in cancer: Emerging mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

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Summary: Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a highly metastatic and fatal form of endometrial cancer (EC). This study identified focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as a highly activated tyrosine kinase in USC and showed that targeting FAK can inhibit cell growth and reduce migration in USC cell lines. The study also revealed that oxidative stress is increased in USC tumors compared to endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), and ROS-mediated FAK activation plays a role in cell migration and poor prognosis in USC.

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Summary: The concept of the hallmarks of cancer is a tool for simplifying the complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into basic principles. This article proposes phenotypic plasticity and disrupted differentiation as distinct hallmark capabilities, and discusses nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming and polymorphic microbiomes as enabling characteristics. Additionally, the importance of senescent cells in the tumor microenvironment is highlighted. The integrative concept of the hallmarks of cancer helps in understanding the mechanisms of cancer development and applying that knowledge to cancer medicine.

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Connexin 43 confers chemoresistance through activating PI3K

Kevin J. Pridham et al.

Summary: This study reveals that the protein connexin 43 (Cx43) is highly expressed in a subpopulation of glioblastoma and is associated with poor prognosis and chemoresistance. Targeting Cx43 can sensitize glioblastoma cells to chemotherapy by inactivating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K). Furthermore, combining Cx43 inhibition with PIK3CB/p110 beta-selective inhibitors can synergistically overcome chemoresistance in glioblastoma cells.

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Deubiquitinating enzyme USP9X regulates metastasis and chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer by stabilizing Snail1

Tangming Guan et al.

Summary: This study reveals the important regulatory mechanism of breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance, namely the USP9X-Snail1 axis, and provides a rationale for potential therapeutic interventions in the treatment of TNBC.

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Targeting TROY-mediated P85a/AKT/TBX3 signaling attenuates tumor stemness and elevates treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma

Beilei Liu et al.

Summary: This study found that TROY is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with poor prognosis and tumor metastasis. Functional studies showed that TROY promotes cancer stem cell-like properties in HCC cells and activates the PI3K/AKT/TBX3 signaling pathway to promote tumor growth and metastasis.

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Emerging therapeutic opportunities for integrin inhibitors

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Summary: Integrins play crucial roles in cell adhesion and signaling, making them potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the challenges and development of integrin inhibitors, particularly those targeting integrins with an alpha v-subunit. Opportunities exist for learning from previous trials and exploring new modalities in integrin drug design.

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Targeting of the alphav beta3 integrin complex by CAR-T cells leads to rapid regression of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and glioblastoma

Dustin A. Cobb et al.

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Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 (αvβ6) and Its Implications in Cancer Treatment

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Summary: Integrins are crucial for cell adhesion, migration, and positioning. Studies have shown that the expression levels of Integrin αVβ6 are closely related to malignant diseases and patient prognosis. It plays a significant role in cancer progression and the activation of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β). While essential for normal function in healthy individuals, it can also be a target for cancer treatment.

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Blockade of integrin signaling reduces chemotherapy-induced premature senescence in collagen cultured bladder cancer cells

Linghui Deng et al.

Summary: Based on our findings, the integrin beta 1/AKT cascade primarily acted to induce premature senescence in bladder cancer cells cultured in collagen gel, attenuating chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Targeting integrin beta 1 might be a feasible approach to eradicate bladder cancer.

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Alpelisib Monotherapy for PI3K-Altered Pretreated Advanced Breast Cancer A Phase II Study

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Integrin-mediated cancer progression as a specific target in clinical therapy

Jian-Rui Chen et al.

Summary: Integrins play crucial roles in cancer progression and can be used for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy. Despite numerous integrin inhibitors being investigated in clinical trials, challenges exist in the research and development of integrin inhibitors, requiring better pharmacological effects and experimental models.

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3D matrix promotes cell dedifferentiation into colorectal cancer stem cells via integrin/cytoskeleton/glycolysis signaling

Tong Han et al.

Summary: This study provides evidence that colorectal cancer cells can dedifferentiate to cancer stem cells and regain stem-like properties when cultured in the presence of extracellular matrix reagents. The 3D extracellular matrix mediates cytoskeletal changes, which contribute to the release of a protein and the degradation of an enzyme, resulting in enhanced glycolysis and upregulation of a transcription factor, ultimately promoting tumor progression.

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Integrin regulation by tissue factor promotes cancer stemness and metastatic dissemination in breast cancer

Betul Unlu et al.

Summary: TF expression in breast cancer is associated with metastasis and cancer stemness, blockade of TF signaling can inhibit metastasis and reduce expression of pro-metastatic markers.

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MicroRNA-485-5p targets keratin 17 to regulate oral cancer stemness and chemoresistance via the integrin/FAK/Src/ERK/beta-catenin pathway

Te-Hsuan Jang et al.

Summary: The study revealed the association between KRT17 and cancer stemness and chemoresistance, providing important evidence for the development of new therapeutic strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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Integrin αvβ6-TGFβ-SOX4 Pathway Drives Immune Evasion in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Archis Bagati et al.

Summary: SOX4 transcription factor plays a key role in mediating resistance to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in TNBC cells, and inhibiting it can increase the expression of genes in important immune pathways. The integrin αvβ6 receptor regulates the expression of SOX4, and targeting the integrin αvβ6-TGFβ-SOX4 pathway provides therapeutic opportunities for TNBC and other aggressive cancers of epithelial origin.

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Integrin α2β1 inhibition attenuates prostate cancer cell proliferation by cell cycle arrest, promoting apoptosis and reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Zahra Salemi et al.

Summary: The study explores the effects of selective inhibition of integrin alpha 2 beta 1 on prostate cancer cells, showing that suppression of integrin alpha 2 beta 1 can inhibit EMT, decrease cell migration capacity, reduce cell proliferation, induce G1 cell cycle arrest, and promote apoptosis. These findings suggest a critical role for integrin alpha 2 beta 1 in the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.

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Thrombospondin 4/integrin α2/HSF1 axis promotes proliferation and cancer stem-like traits of gallbladder cancer by enhancing reciprocal crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumor cells

Yu Shi et al.

Summary: Our study demonstrates that a complex TSP-4/integrin alpha 2/HSF1/TGF-beta cascade mediates the reciprocal interactions between GBC cells and CAFs, providing a potential therapeutic target for gallbladder cancer patients.

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Constitutive activation of integrin αvβ3 contributes to anoikis resistance of ovarian cancer cells

Romana Dolinschek et al.

Summary: The study investigated the mechanisms of survival in ascitic ovarian cancer cells and found that a specific variant of the αvß3 integrin can affect tumor cell resistance to anoikis and cisplatin. This variant promotes activation of survival signaling pathways, inhibiting apoptosis and impacting peritoneal metastasis.

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Jiajie Hou et al.

Summary: The immune system plays crucial roles in cancer development and treatment, with adaptive immunity capable of preventing or constraining cancer and innate immunity and inflammation often promoting tumorigenesis. While immunotherapies derived from preclinical studies have shown efficacy in treating cancer, treatments targeting cancer-associated inflammation still require successful implementation. Anti-inflammatory agents have the potential to delay cancer onset and enhance the efficacy of conventional and next-generation cancer therapies.

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Integrin alpha5 in human breast cancer is a mediator of bone metastasis and a therapeutic target for the treatment of osteolytic lesions

Francesco Pantano et al.

Summary: This study identified ITGA5 as a mediator of breast-to-bone metastasis, with high expression correlating with poor bone metastasis-free survival. Silencing ITGA5 impaired tumor cell functions and bone metastasis, while inhibition with M200 showed similar effects.

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Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 restores mitochondrial function via integrin-medicated activation of the FAK-STAT3 signaling pathway in acute pancreatitis

Yifan Ren et al.

Summary: MFG-E8 acts as an endogenous protective mediator in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, possibly by restoring mitochondrial function via activation of the integrin-FAK-STAT3 signaling pathway. Targeting the action of MFG-E8 may present a potential therapeutic option for AP.

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Integrin Regulation in Immunological and Cancerous Cells and Exosomes

Zay Yar Soe et al.

Summary: Integrins play a crucial role in cell adhesion, intercellular communication, and functions of tumor and immune cell exosomes, with potential implications in tumor microenvironment modulation.

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Focal adhesion kinase inhibition synergizes with nab-paclitaxel to target pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

T. Y. S. Le Large et al.

Summary: In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), high activity of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases was observed, with the non-receptor kinase FAK identified as a potential target. Inhibition of FAK with defactinib reduced phosphorylation profiles, demonstrating anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects. Combination therapy with (nab-)paclitaxel showed synergistic effects on cell proliferation and reduced tumor growth in PDAC.

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Src acts as the target of matrine to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by regulating phosphorylation signaling pathways

Xi Zhang et al.

Summary: Matrine targets Src, inhibits its kinase activity, and suppresses the proliferation of cancer cells by down-regulating phosphorylation signaling pathways including MAPK/ERK, JAK2/STAT3, and PI3K/Akt.

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Regulatory T cells promote cancer immune-escape through integrin αvβ8-mediated TGF-β activation

Alexandra Laine et al.

Summary: The presence of TGF beta in the tumor microenvironment is a significant cancer immune-escape mechanism. This study shows that regulatory T cells work in concert with cancer cells to produce bioactive TGF beta, creating an immunosuppressive micro-environment. The activation of TGF beta by Treg cells through the expression of avb8 integrin’s b8 chain is necessary for tumor growth.

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The Multifaceted Roles of EGFL7 in Cancer and Drug Resistance

Beate Heissig et al.

Summary: Cancer growth and metastasis rely on interactions with the extracellular matrix, with EGFL7 and beta 3 integrin playing crucial roles in processes such as angiogenesis, ECM stiffness alterations, cellular adhesion, migration, and drug resistance. The signaling axis formed by EGFL7 and beta 3 integrin is identified as a key mediator in tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Research on these proteins provides insights into potential targets for anti-cancer strategies.

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Integrin αvβ3 Engagement Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Migration through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in Glioblastoma Cells

Pulin Che et al.

Summary: The study investigates the role of integrin alpha v beta 3 engagement with its ligand in metabolic reprogramming in glioblastoma cells. It was found that integrin alpha v beta 3 increases glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, while decreasing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The interaction of integrin alpha v beta 3 with osteopontin plays a crucial role in promoting metabolic shift towards glycolysis and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, leading to changes in cell behavior such as migration and invasion.

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Muhamad Mustafa et al.

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Efficacy and safety of bosutinib versus imatinib for newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in the Asian subpopulation of the phase 3 BFORE trial

Charles Chuah et al.

Summary: The study showed that bosutinib had better major molecular response rate and complete cytogenetic response rate compared to imatinib in both Asian and non-Asian patients. Treatment-emergent adverse events in both subpopulations were consistent with the primary BFORE results.

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New Thyrointegrin αvβ3 Antagonist with a Scalable Synthesis, Brain Penetration, and Potent Activity against Glioblastoma Multiforme

Bruce A. Hay et al.

Summary: The newly discovered fb-PMT can significantly reduce GBM tumor growth and viability by up to 98%, is suitable for large-scale synthesis, and can be analyzed using mass spectrometry-based detection.

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Copanlisib plus rituximab versus placebo plus rituximab in patients with relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (CHRONOS-3): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Matthew J. Matasar et al.

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Targeting integrin αvβ3 with indomethacin inhibits patient-derived xenograft tumour growth and recurrence in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Fangfang Liu et al.

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Exosomal integrins and their influence on pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis

Ilaria Casari et al.

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Phosphoproteomics Identifies PI3K Inhibitor-selective Adaptive Responses in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Therapy and Resistance

Celia Cintas et al.

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Saleh Almasabi et al.

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Li Shijie et al.

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Peiyu Gu et al.

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Kruppel-like Factor 4 Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Differentiation by Up-regulating Keratin 13 Expression

Huan He et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis

Ayuko Hoshino et al.

NATURE (2015)

Article Cell Biology

Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver

Bruno Costa-Silva et al.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural mechanism of integrin inactivation by filamin

Jianmin Liu et al.

NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2015)

Review Oncology

Alpha2beta1 integrin in cancer development and chemoresistance

Dalila Naci et al.

SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The ZNF304-integrin axis protects against anoikis in cancer

Burcu Aslan et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Integrin-beta3 clusters recruit clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery in the absence of traction force

Cheng-han Yu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural mechanism of integrin inactivation by filamin

Jianmin Liu et al.

NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nuclear SIPA1 activates integrin β1 promoter and promotes invasion of breast cancer cells

Y. Zhang et al.

ONCOGENE (2015)

Article Oncology

Inhibition of α4β1 integrin increases ovarian cancer response to carboplatin

Jennifer M. Scalici et al.

GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY (2014)

Article Surgery

The fate of internalized α5 integrin is regulated by matrix-capable fibronectin

Henry C. Hsia et al.

JOURNAL OF SURGICAL RESEARCH (2014)

Article Oncology

Therapeutic Targeting of Integrin αvβ6 in Breast Cancer

Kate M. Moore et al.

JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE (2014)

Article Hematology

EGFL7 ligates αvβ3 integrin to enhance vessel formation

Iva Nikolic et al.

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

GLI1 regulates a novel neuropilin-2/61 integrin based autocrine pathway that contributes to breast cancer initiation

Hira Lal Goel et al.

EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2013)

Article Oncology

Combination therapy of cilengitide with belotecan against experimental glioblastoma

Young-Hoon Kim et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2013)

Article Oncology

Tspan8, CD44v6 and alpha6beta4 are biomarkers of migrating pancreatic cancer-initiating cells

Haobin Wang et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2013)

Review Cell Biology

Integrin inactivators: balancing cellular functions in vitro and in vivo

Daniel Bouvard et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2013)

Article Oncology

Integrin α1 subunit is up-regulated in colorectal cancer

Salah Boudjadi et al.

BIOMARKER RESEARCH (2013)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Volociximab in cancer

Salah Almokadem et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY (2012)

Article Oncology

A phase I study of continuous infusion cilengitide in patients with solid tumors

Peter H. O'Donnell et al.

INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUGS (2012)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

α2β1 Integrin Promotes Chemoresistance against Doxorubicin in Cancer Cells through Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK)

Dalila Naci et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2012)

Article Cell Biology

Cdc42 promotes transendothelial migration of cancer cells through β1 integrin

Nicolas Reymond et al.

JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (2012)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

β1 Integrin/FAK/cortactin signaling is essential for human head and neck cancer resistance to radiotherapy

Iris Eke et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2012)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

RGD-Based Strategies To Target Alpha(v) Beta(3) Integrin in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis

Fabienne Danhier et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS (2012)

Review Oncology

Treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer: current status and future perspectives

Carlos L. Arteaga et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2012)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Integrin α3β1 as a breast cancer target

Sita Subbaram et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (2011)

Article Cell Biology

Integrin α5β1 facilitates cancer cell invasion through enhanced contractile forces

Claudia Tanja Mierke et al.

JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE (2011)

Article Cell Biology

SHARPIN is an endogenous inhibitor of β1-integrin activation

Juha K. Rantala et al.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2011)

Article Oncology

Cilengitide induces autophagy-mediated cell death in glioma cells

Stephanie L. Lomonaco et al.

NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

β1 integrin controls EGFR signaling and tumorigenic properties of lung cancer cells

V. Morello et al.

ONCOGENE (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Prognostic gene-expression signature of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in non-small cell lung cancer

Roya Navab et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

α5β1-Integrin Expression Is Essential for Tumor Progression in Experimental Lung Cancer

Jesse Roman et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2010)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Integrin Alpha 6 Regulates Glioblastoma Stem Cells

Justin D. Lathia et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2010)

Review Cell Biology

The Laminin Binding Integrin α6β1 in Prostate Cancer Perineural Invasion

Isis C. Sroka et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2010)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Integrin-mediated function of Rab GTPases in cancer progression

Dhatchayini Subramani et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2010)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

RGD-Conjugated Dendrimer-Modified Gold Nanorods for in Vivo Tumor Targeting and Photothermal Therapy

Zhiming Li et al.

MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS (2010)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chemokines and chemokine receptors: new insights into cancer-related inflammation

Gwendal Lazennec et al.

TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2010)

Review Oncology

Integrins in cancer: biological implications and therapeutic opportunities

Jay S. Desgrosellier et al.

NATURE REVIEWS CANCER (2010)

Article Oncology

Radiation sensitization of glioblastoma by cilengitide has unanticipated schedule-dependency

Tom Mikkelsen et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2009)

Review Cell Biology

Integrins: masters and slaves of endocytic transport

Patrick T. Caswell et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2009)

Article Oncology

Loss of integrin α1β1 ameliorates Kras-induced lung cancer

Ines Macias-Perez et al.

CANCER RESEARCH (2008)

Article Oncology

Angiostatic activity of obtustatin as α1β1 integrin inhibitor in experimental melanoma growth

Meghan C. Brown et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER (2008)

Article Cell Biology

Cell adaptive response to extracellular matrix density is controlled by ICAP-1-dependent β1-integrin affinity

Angelique Millon-Fremillon et al.

JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (2008)

Article Oncology

Cilengitide induces cellular detachment and apoptosis in endothelial and glioma cells mediated by inhibition of FAK/src/AKT pathway

Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer et al.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2008)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural basis for the interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of the hyaluronate receptor layilin and the talin F3 subdomain

Kate L. Wegener et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2008)

Review Plant Sciences

The regulatory RAB and ARF GTPases for vesicular trafficking

Erik Nielsen et al.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (2008)

Article Immunology

Smad3 and NFAT cooperate to induce Foxp3 expression through its enhancer

Yukiko Tone et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2008)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Modifying IGF1 activity: an approach to treat endocrine disorders, atherosclerosis and cancer

David R. Clemmons

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2007)

Article Cell Biology

Rab25 associates with α5β1 integrin to promote invasive migration in 3D microenvironments

Patrick T. Caswell et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL CELL (2007)

Review Immunology

Integrin modulation and signaling in leukocyte adhesion and migration

David M. Rose et al.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2007)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Fibrinogen inhibits neurite outgrowth via β3 integrin-mediated phosphorylation of the EGF receptor

Christian Schachtrup et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2007)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Integrin all regulates IGF2 expression in fibroblasts to enhance tumorigenicity of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells

Chang-Qi Zhu et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Constitutively activated Stat3 induces tumorigenesis and enhances cell motility of prostate epithelial cells through integrin β6

Janeen Azare et al.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY (2007)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The integrins

Yoshikazu Takada et al.

GENOME BIOLOGY (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Rab4A effector protein Rabip4 is involved in migration of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts

Jelena Vukmirica et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2006)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

β4 integrin amplifies ErbB2 signaling to promote mammary tumorigenesis

Wenjun Guo et al.

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Blocking the α4 integrin-paxillin interaction selectively impairs mononuclear leukocyte recruitment to an inflammatory site

CC Féral et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2006)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The molecular basis of filamin binding to integrins and competition with talin

T Kiema et al.

MOLECULAR CELL (2006)

Review Cell Biology

Integrin trafficking and the control of cell migration

PT Caswell et al.

TRAFFIC (2006)

Article Oncology

Biological and molecular properties of a new αvβ3/αvβ5 integrin antagonist

L Belvisi et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS (2005)

Review Cell Biology

Focal adhesion kinase: In command and control of cell motility

SK Mitra et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY (2005)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Modulation of prostate cancer growth in bone microenvironments

M Edlund et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2004)

Review Cell Biology

Roles of αv integrins in vascular biology and pulmonary pathology

D Sheppard

CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY (2004)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

VE-statin, an endothelial repressor of smooth muscle cell migration

F Soncin et al.

EMBO JOURNAL (2003)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Disruption of focal adhesions by integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1α

D Bouvard et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2003)

Review Oncology

Integrins and prostate cancer metastases

M Fornaro et al.

CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS (2001)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Integrin signaling inhibits paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells

F Aoudjit et al.

ONCOGENE (2001)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis

P Carmeliet

NATURE MEDICINE (2000)

Article Oncology

A phase II trial of GSK2256098 and trametinib in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Kyaw L. Aung et al.

Summary: The combination of GSK2256098 and trametinib showed good tolerability but was not effective in unselected advanced PDAC patients.

JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL ONCOLOGY