PANoptosis is a compound death in periodontitis: A systematic review of ex vivo and in vivo studies

Objective: The purpose of the systematic review is to verify the presence of PANoptosis in periodontitis based on the published literatures studying cell death in periodontitis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of literature studying the types of cell death in vitro cellular experiments, in vivo rodent studies and clinical studies from three major databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The present systematic review was recorded in the PROSPERO database, under registration number CRD42022383456. Results: In total, 51 articles were included in this study. Our analysis of in vitro cell models revealed that pyroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis could be induced by periodontal pathogens in macrophages, fibroblasts, stem cells, and periodontal ligament cells. Furthermore, three types of cell death were detected in in vivo rodent periodontitis models. Clinical studies on human periodontitis tissue specimens and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) showed that some key proteins related to pyroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis were elevated in periodontitis. Conclusions: Various studies have established similar in vivo and in vitro models with three modes of death detected under the same conditions, revealing complex interactions between different types of cell death pathways in periodontitis and the potential for PANoptosis to occur in periodontitis.

Automated summary

This systematic review aims to verify the presence of PANoptosis in periodontitis based on published literature on cell death in periodontitis. The review analyzed in vitro cellular experiments, in vivo rodent studies, and clinical studies from major databases. The findings indicate that pyroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis can be induced by periodontal pathogens in different cell types. Three modes of cell death were detected in rodent periodontitis models, and clinical studies showed elevated levels of key proteins related to cell death in periodontitis. The results reveal complex interactions between different cell death pathways and the potential for PANoptosis in periodontitis.