High-density and broad band optical frequency combs generated by pseudo-random phase modulation of optically injected gain-switched semiconductor lasers

We have demonstrated optical frequency combs (OFCs) featuring low and continuously tunable line spacing in the kilohertz range. The OFCs are generated by pulsed gain-switching of optically injected commercial semiconductor lasers emitting at around 1.55 mu m. After generation, the OFCs are efficiently densified by pseudo-random-binary-sequence phase modulation. The case of an OFC generated by gain-switching at a repetition rate of 1 GHz has been numerically and experimentally analyzed and the conditions for optimal densification have been found. In this case, the comb has been densified by a factor of 2047 and exhibits a 90 GHz flat and broad spectrum consisting of more than 184,000 spectral lines, separated 488 kHz. Although this densification factor is not the largest that can be achieved with the method, it is more than 100 times larger than previously reported factors for gain-switching OFCs. These results open prospects for the use of potentially integrable gain-switching OFCs in applications requiring sub-megahertz line spacing.

Automated summary

We have demonstrated low and continuously tunable optical frequency combs (OFCs) with line spacing in the kilohertz range. These OFCs are generated by pulsed gain-switching of commercially available semiconductor lasers emitting at around 1.55 μm. After generation, the OFCs are efficiently compressed using pseudo-random-binary-sequence phase modulation. We numerically and experimentally analyzed an OFC generated at a repetition rate of 1 GHz and identified the optimal compression conditions. The compressed comb achieved a factor of 2047 compression and exhibited a flat and broad 90 GHz spectrum consisting of more than 184,000 spectral lines, separated by 488 kHz. This significant compression factor, over 100 times larger than previously reported for gain-switching OFCs, opens up possibilities for the use of potentially integrable gain-switching OFCs in applications requiring sub-megahertz line spacing.