Formation characteristics of dark solitons in photorefractive crystals having both linear and quadratic electro-optic effect simultaneously

The temporal behavior and formation characteristics have been investigated for the first time in nonlinear optical media exhibiting photorefractive effect due to simultaneous linear and quadratic electro-optic effect. The space charge field which is a function of time is derived and hence leads to the time dependent wave equation satisfied by light beams in such novel photorefractive materials. The soliton width evolution and hence the evolution of the nonlinearity with time is investigated for different values of peak intensity ratio. The dark soliton formation does not show quasi steady state behaviour and only steady state solitons are formed. There is interplay between the linear and quadratic electro-optic effect that affects the formation of dark solitons. Finally, the effect of crystal temperature on the formation of dark solitons is studied. In a photorefractive crystal, the temperature modification results in consequent changes in dark irradiance and dielectric constant which has a profound effect on the time evolution of these dark solitons. A relevant example of 0.67PMN-0.33PT crystal has been considered for an illustration of our results.

Automated summary

The temporal behavior and formation characteristics of photorefractive effect in nonlinear optical media with simultaneous linear and quadratic electro-optic effect are investigated. The time dependent wave equation of light beams in these novel photorefractive materials is derived based on the derived space charge field. The evolution of soliton width and nonlinearity with time is studied, and it is found that only steady state solitons are formed due to the absence of quasi steady state behavior in dark soliton formation. The interplay between linear and quadratic electro-optic effect affects the formation of dark solitons. Furthermore, the effect of crystal temperature on the formation of dark solitons is studied, and it is found that temperature modification results in changes in dark irradiance and dielectric constant, which significantly impact the time evolution of dark solitons.