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Article
Chemistry, Physical
Donghyun Oh et al.
Summary: This article proposes a hybrid propulsion system that utilizes both the electric energy and thermal energy generated by fuel cells for zero-emission vessels. Through calculations and simulations, it is found that the proposed system can increase energy efficiency by 22.5% by additional utilization of the recovered heat from fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hamed Chehrmonavari et al.
Summary: There is a growing demand for new energy conversion devices with high efficiency and low emissions. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have received attention due to their advantages in efficiency, fuel flexibility, low emissions, and waste heat utilization. The integration of SOFCs with internal combustion engines (ICEs) can further increase overall system efficiency and has potential applications in stationary power generation and heavy-duty systems.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Hanna Bach et al.
Summary: The maritime shipping industry, which accounts for about 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, is facing increasing pressure to reduce emissions. However, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the main regulator of the industry, has not implemented sufficient policy measures to support its emission reduction targets. This paper examines the challenges that hinder consistent and comprehensive regulation of GHG emissions from international shipping, including lack of capacity within the IMO to regulate emerging technologies, uncertainty around its regulatory mandate, and lack of political consensus during negotiations. Considering these factors is crucial for the IMO to effectively achieve its emission reduction targets and play a progressive role in mitigating climate change.
Article
Oceanography
Chunhui Zhou et al.
Summary: This paper proposes a method of identifying and extracting ship carbon emission hotspots based on data field theory, which was successfully applied to Wuhan Port. The spatial and temporal dynamics of the ship's carbon emission hotspot in the area were analyzed from multiple perspectives. This method can be further applied to coastal ports in China, helping to explore the distribution of carbon emission hotspots and the spatial and temporal variation patterns of ships, providing scientific guidance for reducing carbon emissions from ports, and promoting the early realization of China's shipping industry's dual carbon goals.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Hongbiao Zhao et al.
Summary: In this study, an extended state observer was proposed to handle the uncertainty of ship models and estimate external disturbances. An improved dynamic virtual ship guidance algorithm and an energy-saving ship path following controller were developed by combining nonlinear feedback and adaptive backstepping. The proposed nonlinear control algorithms resulted in improved path following control, reducing the average ship output rudder angle by 17%, average steering power by 10%, Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) by 2%, increasing the average ship speed by 0.3 knots, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions during general shipping by 32.45%. It is anticipated that the proposed algorithm will play an essential role in the process of decarbonization in shipping.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaojun Sun et al.
Summary: Marine hybrid technology is being extensively researched due to its flexibility and economic advantages, but its overall quality is determined by the energy management strategy. This research focuses on a variable weighted decision model predictive control (VWDMPC) for marine hybrid energy management, aiming to dynamically allocate energy to achieve the best trade-off in terms of fuel consumption, power performance, and energy allocation. By utilizing the KKT condition to compress the energy management problem and weight tuning process, the optimization process is simplified while maintaining real-time performance and adaptability.
Article
Thermodynamics
Daoyi Lu et al.
Summary: This study parametrically investigates a large marine two-stroke engine equipped with an EGR system, two parallel turbochargers of different size, and cut out branches. The results show that the lowest weighted BSFC is achieved with a 70:30 capacity ratio between the large and small turbochargers, while engine operation with EGR is associated with a 2.6% penalty in the weighted BSFC.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Massimo Figari et al.
Summary: This study computationally investigates the effects of hybrid turbochargers on large marine dual-fuel four-stroke engine performance and emissions, determining the optimal size of the electrical generator. It provides decision support for implementing this technology on ships.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Nikoletta L. Trivyza et al.
Summary: The shipping sector has faced significant pressure in the past decade to improve its environmental performance, especially with the target set by the International Maritime Organisation for a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Interest in alternative fuels and sustainable ship energy systems has increased as a result. Further research is needed to adapt holistic approaches and consider safety, reliability, and social aspects of sustainability when evaluating ship energy systems.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chybyung Park et al.
Summary: This paper introduces a new methodology called Live-Life Cycle Assessment, which uses a simulation based data generation technique to overcome the limitations of conventional life-cycle assessment practices. The proposed method is applied to the marine industry to examine the potential of solar-electric propulsion ships as a future energy solution for maritime transports. Through a case study, credible PV systems are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink to generate ship performance data under different operational and environmental circumstances. The results highlight the correlations between the performance of PV battery systems and climate parameters, as well as national power production methods.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xusheng Wang et al.
Summary: This work focuses on investigating the adaptability and operation characteristics of a solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine hybrid system for ship application, addressing uncertainties and load disturbances through a novel control system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Boao Cai et al.
Summary: In this study, a modified body force method applicable for ducted propellers is investigated. The accuracy of this method is compared with other methods through uncertainty analysis and self-propulsion simulations. The results show that the modified body force method can effectively describe wake fields and accurately reflect the interaction between the ship and the ducted propeller.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Fan Zhou et al.
Summary: Ship emission monitoring is an interdisciplinary research problem that requires addressing challenges in data acquisition, transmission, and analysis. This study proposes a paradigm for constructing a ship emission monitoring sensor web (SEMSW) and has established a model in China's Waigaoqiao port area. The model plays a significant role in scientific research and maritime law enforcement.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Omer Berkehan Inal et al.
Summary: Increasing environmental concerns are driving the shipping industry to take strict measures to deal with greenhouse gas emissions. The use of electricity as the main energy vector is one of the ways to improve the shipping propulsion system's efficiency. The study suggests that electrical components and architectural design should be elaborated according to operational and architectural characteristics for different ship types. Furthermore, new regulations on emission mitigation will accelerate the transition to hybrid power, which is an important option for achieving the ultimate goal of zero-carbon shipping.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Jonathan Koehler et al.
Summary: This study combines stakeholder assessments and scenario simulations to analyze potential decarbonization scenarios in the shipping industry. By integrating qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study examines the feasibility of transition scenarios with input from stakeholders. Critical factors identified by stakeholders, such as society, technology, economics, and legislation, are applied in the MATISSE-SHIP model to simulate shipowners' decision-making process. The study presents four scenarios and discusses the dominance of different technologies and fuels under each scenario.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Aylin Caliskan
Summary: This study examines the alignment of European ports with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and develops a comprehensive framework of port-related sustainability initiatives. It finds that the port industry has the potential to contribute mainly to SDGs 8,9,11,12,13, and 17.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Elizabeth Lindstad et al.
Summary: This paper explores the decarbonization of bulk shipping through optimizing ship design and implementing alternative power. The results indicate that utilizing slender hulls and wind-assisted propulsion systems can significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, when combined with zero-carbon fuels, a 100% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Sophea Elmmydya Damian et al.
Summary: This article presents a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with implementing BESS in modern commercial ships, as well as various technologies and advantages of BESS. The future development of BESS control and performance is also discussed.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fabian Rosner et al.
Summary: This study investigates the thermodynamic and economic performance of a natural gas-fueled SOFC-GT hybrid system using a commercial off-the-shelf GT. The results show that integrating an off-the-shelf GT significantly derates the GT and affects the operation of the SOFC, the main power producer in the hybrid system.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Mohamad Issa et al.
Summary: The maritime industry is undergoing a significant transformation to meet stricter environmental regulations, with the combination of multiple technologies being suggested as a way to achieve the goals. Policies and enforcement are also highlighted as crucial management tools.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Veronica Jaramillo Jimenez et al.
Summary: This study presents a retrospective review of ship energy efficiency literature using a hybrid review method. The outcomes of bibliometric analysis identified five research clusters, and future research directions are proposed for each cluster.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Khanh Q. Bui et al.
Summary: This study conducts a life-cycle cost analysis on an innovative marine dual-fuel engine and finds that it is more cost-effective than a conventional diesel engine under a given fuel price scenario. Uncertainties are handled using scenario sensitivity analyses and a Monte Carlo simulation, revealing that the cost effectiveness of the dual-fuel engine is sensitive to high gas price scenarios, but there is adequate confidence in choosing the dual-fuel engine. Fuel prices are found to be the most influential cost driver.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Marine
M. Aguiari et al.
Summary: This paper presents a semi-automatic design procedure for hull structural design, which aims to minimize the overall weight of hull blocks by optimizing the structural layout and scantling design of each component. The proposed method follows well-known hull structural design principles and utilizes computation means to select optimal lay-out scantling solutions among feasible options.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hui Xing et al.
Summary: The maritime sector is increasingly interested in fuel cells as clean power sources, focusing on improving energy efficiency, reducing power capacity, and sensitivity to fuel impurities. Future development directions include coupling with batteries, modular production, and optimized operational control strategies to enhance performance.
Article
Thermodynamics
Cheng Wang et al.
Summary: This study conducted a comparative life cycle cost analysis of low pressure fuel gas supply systems for LNG fueled ships, finding that the LCC strongly depends on ship scale, LNG fuel price and ship operation. According to the research results, onboard BOG reliquefaction is a feasible solution when the sailing time index is low and LNG price is high; while supplying the BOG to auxiliary engines after compression is more economical when the sailing time index is high and LNG price is low.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ibrahim S. Seddiek et al.
Summary: Research indicates that using Flettner rotors as a propulsion technology for ships can have significant impacts on fuel consumption, environmental emissions, and economic costs.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Yibo Liang et al.
Summary: A comprehensive numerical model was developed to predict the LCOE for offshore wind farms, with a case study in the offshore area of New York State. Specific local limitations in the United States were considered, leading to the identification of an optimal site and the introduction of the concept of WFED.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nader R. Ammar et al.
Summary: The study investigates the environmental and economic impact of using electric propulsion systems, focusing on passenger ships. Results show that COGES propulsion system has specific environmental benefits over DE option and is more energy efficient by 9.3% and 27.55%. Economically, COGES system has a lower life cycle cost compared to DE system.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hossam A. Gabbar et al.
Summary: While actions to reduce GHG emissions from land-based transportation are ongoing, the issue of marine transportation emissions needs more attention. RESs play an important role in reducing emissions, but integration into marine ships is limited by various factors. Small scale nuclear reactors could be competitive alternatives to fossil fuel-based generators for emission-free marine transportation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mingyang Huang et al.
Summary: The shipping industry's increasing energy consumption has put a huge burden on the marine environment. The trend to increase the use of renewable energy on ships for sustainability is evident. Research shows that a hybrid energy system utilizing solar, wind, and fuel cell technologies can significantly reduce emissions and provide electricity for ships.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Marine
George Mallouppas et al.
Summary: This review paper examines the possible pathways and technologies for the shipping sector to achieve the IMO's deep decarbonization targets by 2050, highlighting the importance of financial incentives and policies at international and regional levels. The paper discusses alternative fuels, renewable energy sources, as well as technical and operational strategies to reduce fuel consumption for ships.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Khalid Al-Khori et al.
Summary: The oil and gas industry produces harmful greenhouse gases that have irreversible environmental impacts. Integrating SOFCs into natural gas plants can improve efficiency and reduce emissions. Systematic analysis using ISO standards is needed to quantify and compare the potential benefits of SOFC integration.
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
Fan Gao et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the application of adaptive backstepping control in a hybrid power system for ship propulsion, using a main diesel engine and battery supply. The closed-loop system is proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kai Krause et al.
Summary: Emission rates of air pollutants from individual ships were successfully derived from LP-DOAS measurements conducted on the river Elbe near Hamburg for one year, showing good agreement with previous studies.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Berre Kumuk et al.
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the ability to convert fuel into electric energy, and the performance of using coal and coal-based fuels in SOFCs has been analyzed. The study found that the performance is better when fueled with hydrogen compared to water-gas and generator gas. Additionally, increasing fuel flow rates and temperature have positive effects on SOFC performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Peng Wu et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Erkan Isikli et al.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Mina Tadros et al.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND APPLICATION
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Nader R. Ammar et al.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jan Emblemsvag
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lin Tang et al.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Studies
Nader R. Ammar
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2019)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
M. Kalikatzarakis et al.
CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinyeong Jeong et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Haibin Wang et al.
Article
Environmental Studies
Sepideh Jafarzadeh et al.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT
(2018)
Article
Transportation
Lawrence Sciberras et al.
WMU JOURNAL OF MARITIME AFFAIRS
(2018)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rui Jing et al.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2017)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Nader R. Ammar et al.
Proceedings Paper
Automation & Control Systems
R. D. Geertsma et al.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Arnab Choudhury et al.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2013)