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How the switch to hummingbird pollination has greatly contributed to our understanding of evolutionary processes

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Integrating top-down and bottom-up approaches to understand the genetic architecture of speciation across a monkeyflower hybrid zone

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Summary: Understanding the genetic and phenotypic architecture of reproductive isolation is crucial for studying speciation. In this study, the researchers combined different approaches to investigate a monkeyflower hybrid zone and found that gene flow was restricted by barrier loci distributed across the genome. They also discovered that most floral traits are polygenic and genetically independent, and that some loci contribute to other forms of reproductive isolation. These findings highlight the challenges of understanding the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and the importance of other barriers to gene flow in this system.

MOLECULAR ECOLOGY (2023)

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Insect pollination for most of angiosperm evolutionary history

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Summary: Most contemporary angiosperms are insect pollinated, but wind, water or vertebrate pollination also occurs in many lineages. This study reconstructs the ancestral pollination mode of angiosperms and quantifies the timing and environmental associations of pollination shifts. It found that angiosperms were ancestrally insect pollinated and wind and vertebrate pollination evolved multiple times. The probability of wind pollination increases with habitat openness and distance from the equator.

NEW PHYTOLOGIST (2023)

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Taxon-specific, phased siRNAs underlie a speciation locus in monkeyflowers

Mei Liang et al.

Summary: This study reveals that a speciation locus in monkeyflowers contains an inverted repeat region that produces phased small interfering RNAs. These small RNAs target and repress a master regulator of floral carotenoid pigmentation, contributing to subsequent phenotypic diversification and pollinator-mediated speciation in the descendant species.

SCIENCE (2023)

Article Evolutionary Biology

Ancient hybridization leads to the repeated evolution of red flowers across a monkeyflower radiation

Aidan W. Short et al.

Summary: The reuse of old genetic variation can promote rapid diversification in evolutionary radiations. In the Mimulus aurantiacus species complex, there is evidence for ancient and recurrent hybridization. Selection against gene flow can reduce genomic signatures of ancient hybridization.

EVOLUTION LETTERS (2023)

Article Plant Sciences

Tight genetic linkage of genes causing hybrid necrosis and pollinator isolation between young species

Chaobin Li et al.

Summary: A chitinase gene is responsible for hybrid necrosis, which is a post-zygotic isolation mechanism. This gene is tightly linked with genes in pollinator-mediated reproductive isolation, suggesting the cooperation of pre- and post-zygotic barriers. The mechanisms of reproductive isolation causing phenotypic diversification and speciation are important in evolutionary research.

NATURE PLANTS (2023)

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Influence of plant reproductive systems on the evolution of hummingbird pollination

Stefan Abrahamczyk et al.

Summary: Many hummingbird-pollinated plant species have evolved independently from bee-pollinated ancestors in different habitats in North and South America. Hummingbird-pollinated species have higher seed set and germination rates in cross-pollinated flowers compared to self-pollinated ones. Hummingbird pollination is more resource efficient in self-incompatible populations.

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Evolution of polygenic traits under global vs local adaptation

Sam Yeaman

Summary: Observations of alleles associated with complex traits should be interpreted in the context of evolutionary processes. Genetic architecture can significantly impact evolutionary outcomes and provide insights into how evolution works. Local adaptation can lead to concentrated genetic architectures enriched for alleles of larger effect, but evolution of such architectures may be limited by various factors.

GENETICS (2022)

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Ancient and recent introgression shape the evolutionary history of pollinator adaptation and speciation in a model monkeyflower radiation (Mimulus section Erythranthe)

Thomas C. Nelson et al.

Summary: The study uses genome-wide sampling to investigate the phylogenomics of monkeyflowers in Mimulus section Erythranthe. Results reveal a re-interpretation of the sister species relationship between M. lewisii and M. cardinalis, demonstrating the impact of gene flow and introgression on species affinities.

PLOS GENETICS (2021)

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Genetic architecture of floral traits in bee- and hummingbird-pollinated sister species of Aquilegia (columbine)

Molly B. Edwards et al.

Summary: The interactions between animal pollinators and plant flowers contribute to the diversity of floral morphologies in angiosperms, leading to the convergence of certain traits attracting specific pollinator groups. Studying the genetic architecture of floral pollination syndromes, such as the shift from bee to hummingbird pollination in Aquilegia, helps to understand the processes driving angiosperm diversification. The genetic basis of flower color differentiation is complex, with potential candidate genes identified, while some floral traits, like nectar spur curvature, are shaped by single loci of large effect.

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Complex evolution of novel red floral color in Petunia

Andrea E. Berardi et al.

Summary: Red flower color is often associated with hummingbird pollination in evolutionary transitions, primarily originating from purple lineages. The study highlights the complex evolution of a novel red floral color in Petunia exserta, involving the upregulation and tissue specificity shift of key genes, as well as rebalancing of gene expression to achieve anthocyanin biosynthesis and hydroxylation. This presents a rare case of genetically complex evolutionary transition towards gaining a unique red color.

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Adaptation to hummingbird pollination is associated with reduced diversification in Penstemon

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EVOLUTION LETTERS (2019)

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Selfing Can Facilitate Transitions between Pollination Syndromes

Carolyn A. Wessinger et al.

AMERICAN NATURALIST (2018)

Article Evolutionary Biology

The temporal build-up of hummingbird/plant mutualisms in North America and temperate South America

Stefan Abrahamczyk et al.

BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Biology

Introgressive hybridization facilitates adaptive divergence in a recent radiation of monkeyflowers

Sean Stankowski et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2015)

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Ecological Transition Predictably Associated with Gene Degeneration

Carolyn A. Wessinger et al.

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION (2015)

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Identification of major quantitative trait loci underlying floral pollination syndrome divergence in Penstemon

Carolyn A. Wessinger et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2014)

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Tight Genetic Linkage of Prezygotic Barrier Loci Creates a Multifunctional Speciation Island in Petunia

Katrin Hermann et al.

CURRENT BIOLOGY (2013)

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Explaining evolutionary shifts between bee and hummingbird pollination: Convergence, divergence, and directionality

James D. Thomson et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES (2008)

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Single gene-mediated shift in pollinator attraction in Petunia

Maria Elena Hoballah et al.

PLANT CELL (2007)

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Pollination syndromes and floral specialization

CB Fenster et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS (2004)