Nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction: Conservative and medical management

IntroductionIn nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), management goals include reduction of outlet resistance to increase urinary outflow and improve bladder voiding to prevent or reduce lower and upper urinary tract (LUT and UUT) function deterioration, by correcting the underlying etiology. As significant progress has been achieved in the conservative and pharmacological management of nonneurogenic female BOO, the purpose of this article is to review and summarize the current literature.Materials and MethodsFor this narrative review, a PubMed (R) search was performed by cross-referencing the keywords female bladder outlet obstruction, female voiding dysfunction, conservative management, pharmacological management, and treatment with various terms related to the management of female BOO. Clinical practice guidelines and landmark reviews from the most renowned experts in the field were also used.ManagementThis review discusses and summarizes the conservative and pharmacological management of nonneurogenic female BOO based on the most relevant data currently available in the literature.ConclusionThe recent advances in the understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in female BOO allow for more individualized management. Conservative and pharmacological options show interesting outcomes, particularly in the context of a functional cause of BOO. Overall, the level of evidence is still low regarding the use of conservative and pharmacological measures and more long-term data are required.

Automated summary

This narrative review summarizes the current literature on the conservative and pharmacological management of nonneurogenic female bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). It highlights the importance of using individualized approaches to manage the condition and points out the lack of sufficient evidence in this field.